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Production, refining and reserves

CommodityMetricValueWorld rank · shareSource
CobaltRefinery production 2023127 t Co content (refined)#13 · 0.1%USGS Minerals Yearbook 2023 (cobalt), table 8
NickelRefinery production 20237,125 t Ni content (primary nickel products)#18 · 0.2%USGS Minerals Yearbook 2023 (nickel, tables-only release), table 12
FluorsparMine production 200640,000 t fluorspar#10 · 0.8%USGS MCS 2008
FluorsparReserves 200710 million t fluorspar#5 · 4%USGS MCS 2008
BariteMine production 200630,000 t barite#17 · 0.4%USGS MCS 2008
BariteReserves 20072 million t barite#10 · 1%USGS MCS 2008
SiliconRefinery production 202521,000 t Si content (ferrosilicon)#13 · 0.4%USGS MCS 2026
ThoriumResources 20141,000 t Th—OECD-NEA/IAEA Red Book 2014 (Uranium 2014), Table 1.17
IndiumRefinery production 202521 t In (refined)#5 · 2%USGS MCS 2026
ArsenicRefinery production 20071,000 t arsenic trioxide (gross weight)—USGS MCS 2008
SulfurRefinery production 2014650,000 t S content—USGS MCS 2015
LimeRefinery production 20253.5 million t lime#11 · 0.8%USGS MCS 2026
FeldsparMine production 2014650,000 t feldspar—USGS MCS 2015
BromineMine production 20062,000 t Br content#8 · 0.4%USGS MCS 2008
BromineReserves 20071.6 million t Br content—USGS MCS 2008
Nitrogen (ammonia)Refinery production 20181 million t N content (ammonia)—USGS MCS 2019
DiatomiteMine production 2025250,000 t diatomite#3 · 10%USGS MCS 2026
DiatomiteReserves 20241 million t diatomite—USGS MCS 2025
GypsumMine production 20252.4 million t gypsum#19 · 2%USGS MCS 2026
GypsumReserves 2025300 million t gypsum—USGS MCS 2026
Iron oxide pigmentsMine production 202513,000 t iron oxide pigments—USGS MCS 2026
Kyanite and related mineralsMine production 202560,000 t kyanite and related minerals—USGS MCS 2026
Mica (scrap and flake)Mine production 202514,000 t scrap and flake mica#7 · 4%USGS MCS 2026
Pumice and pumiciteMine production 2025280,000 t pumice and pumicite#16 · 1%USGS MCS 2026
SaltMine production 20254.5 million t salt#13 · 2%USGS MCS 2026
Sand and gravel (industrial)Mine production 202513 million t industrial sand and gravel#5 · 3%USGS MCS 2026
Talc and pyrophylliteMine production 2025300,000 t talc and pyrophyllite#5 · 4%USGS MCS 2026

Policies and export measures

Policy tracker →
  • 2026-05-05 · strategy

    National resilience plan for rare earths and permanent magnets

    Plan presented by the economy and industry ministers to secure supplies and rebuild a French and European rare-earth and magnet value chain. Its nine measures include easing the strategic-projects guarantee for rare-earth extraction, talks with commodity traders on critical-mineral supply, extending the green-industry tax credit to 2028 for rare-earth projects, extending the France 2030 critical-metals call, and steering offshore wind towards magnet supply diversification.

    Source: Direction générale des Entreprises (DGE), Ministère de l'Économie
  • 2025-02-13 · incentive

    National mineral resources inventory update (Inventaire des ressources minérales, BRGM)

    Five-year programme run by BRGM, the national geological survey, to update knowledge of France's subsurface potential for around fifty strategic elements in five target areas in mainland France and French Guiana, using modern airborne geophysics and geochemistry. Areas found most favourable can then be explored in more depth by mining companies. It is funded with EUR 53 million under France 2030 via the national research agency (ANR).

    Source: BRGM (Bureau de recherches géologiques et minières)
  • 2023-05-11 · incentive

    France 2030 critical minerals and metals investment fund (managed by InfraVia)

    The government announced an investment fund for critical minerals and metals, managed by InfraVia, which takes minority stakes in extraction, processing and recycling projects in France, Europe and abroad in exchange for offtake that benefits French and European industry. The State commits EUR 500 million through France 2030, with Caisse des Dépôts as operator, and the fund targets EUR 2 billion in total.

    Source: Ministère de la Transition écologique
  • 2022-11-29 · strategy

    Creation of OFREMI, the French observatory of mineral resources for industrial value chains

    Following the 2022 Varin report on securing mineral raw material supplies, BRGM, CEA, IFPEN, ADEME, IFRI and CNAM formally created OFREMI with support from the mining and metallurgy sector committee. It acts as an economic-intelligence unit monitoring critical-metal value chains for government and industry. Date is the official creation date given by the ministry.

    Source: Ministère de la Transition écologique
  • 2022-01-10 · incentive

    France 2030 call for projects 'Métaux critiques' (critical metals)

    Call for projects under the France 2030 investment plan to support production, refining and recycling of critical metals such as lithium, nickel, cobalt, tantalum and copper in France, within a France 2030 envelope of EUR 1 billion for such projects. The first five winners (lithium extraction and refining, battery and e-waste recycling) received about EUR 100 million. Date is the launch of the call.

    Source: Direction générale des Entreprises (DGE), Ministère de l'Économie

Trade in critical minerals

Exports 2024$6.7 bn

  1. Copper$2.0 bnto Italy 22%, Belgium 21%, Germany 18% · 63 more
  2. Aluminium$1.8 bnto Germany 28%, Spain 13%, Italy 12% · 72 more
  3. Palladium$480 mto Switzerland 72%, Germany 18%, Italy 6% · 11 more
  4. Zinc$445 mto Belgium 40%, Netherlands 28%, Italy 11% · 41 more
  5. Silicon$303 mto Germany 50%, China 12%, Malaysia 6% · 53 more
  6. Nickel$287 mto Germany 26%, Netherlands 23%, United States of America 11% · 61 more
  7. Alumina$204 mto United States of America 15%, China 13%, Germany 12% · 95 more
  8. Lead$197 mto Germany 35%, Spain 29%, Netherlands 12% · 24 more

and 38 more commodities

Imports 2024$7.8 bn

  1. Aluminium$1.9 bnfrom Germany 12%, Spain 9%, Norway 8% · 68 more
  2. Copper$1.8 bnfrom Chile 47%, Belgium 17%, Poland 11% · 61 more
  3. Nickel$783 mfrom Norway 26%, Finland 21%, Russia 10% · 43 more
  4. Zinc$583 mfrom Netherlands 20%, Finland 10%, Germany 10% · 38 more
  5. Alumina$374 mfrom Ireland 58%, Germany 15%, Greece 9% · 47 more
  6. Manganese*$213 mfrom Norway 30%, Gabon 19%, South Africa 17% · 37 more
  7. Titanium sponge$179 mfrom Kazakhstan 49%, United States of America 21%, United Kingdom 9% · 31 more
  8. Molybdenum$171 mfrom Netherlands 46%, Belgium 10%, United Kingdom 9% · 20 more

and 38 more commodities

Trade values in current US dollars (ores, concentrates, intermediates, chemicals and refined metal), not prices. * Includes HS codes that also cover other products. Source: CEPII BACI (HS22), Etalab Open Licence 2.0 — details.

Fiscal regime for mining

InstrumentApplies toRateLegal basis
RoyaltyGoldRedevance communale des mines (single communal royalty on mineral substances from 2026; departmental royalty abolished for non-hydrocarbon substances); tonnage extracted the previous year by holders of exploitation titles operating a deposit on 1 Jan; half to the commune of the operating site, half to communes over the concession pro rata to tonnage (art. 1519 V A). Minerais aurifères: EUR 1,000 per kg of gold contained (EUR 196.30 in 2025). A separate special gold tax applies in French Guiana (art. 1599 quinquies B, not read)1000 EUR/kgkilogram of gold contained in auriferous oreCode général des impôts, art. 1519 II 1° (tariff table as rewritten by art. 113 of loi n° 2026-103 du 19 février 2026 de finances pour 2026) · art. 1519 II 1°in force 2026-01-01
RoyaltySilverRedevance communale des mines (single communal royalty on mineral substances from 2026; departmental royalty abolished for non-hydrocarbon substances); tonnage extracted the previous year by holders of exploitation titles operating a deposit on 1 Jan; half to the commune of the operating site, half to communes over the concession pro rata to tonnage (art. 1519 V A). Minerais argentifères: EUR 1,000 per quintal (100 kg) of silver contained = EUR 10/kg10 EUR/kgkilogram of silver contained (law: EUR 1,000 per quintal of silver contained)Code général des impôts, art. 1519 II 1° (tariff table as rewritten by art. 113 of loi n° 2026-103 du 19 février 2026 de finances pour 2026) · art. 1519 II 1°in force 2026-01-01
RoyaltyUraniumRedevance communale des mines (single communal royalty on mineral substances from 2026; departmental royalty abolished for non-hydrocarbon substances); tonnage extracted the previous year by holders of exploitation titles operating a deposit on 1 Jan; half to the commune of the operating site, half to communes over the concession pro rata to tonnage (art. 1519 V A). Minerais d'uranium: EUR 460 per quintal (100 kg) of uranium contained = EUR 4,600 per tonne4600 EUR/ttonne of uranium contained (law: EUR 460 per quintal of uranium contained)Code général des impôts, art. 1519 II 1° (tariff table as rewritten by art. 113 of loi n° 2026-103 du 19 février 2026 de finances pour 2026) · art. 1519 II 1°in force 2026-01-01
RoyaltyTungstenRedevance communale des mines (single communal royalty on mineral substances from 2026; departmental royalty abolished for non-hydrocarbon substances); tonnage extracted the previous year by holders of exploitation titles operating a deposit on 1 Jan; half to the commune of the operating site, half to communes over the concession pro rata to tonnage (art. 1519 V A). Minerais de tungstène: EUR 300 per tonne of WO3 contained300 EUR/ttonne of tungsten oxide (WO3) containedCode général des impôts, art. 1519 II 1° (tariff table as rewritten by art. 113 of loi n° 2026-103 du 19 février 2026 de finances pour 2026) · art. 1519 II 1°in force 2026-01-01
RoyaltyLithiumRedevance communale des mines (single communal royalty on mineral substances from 2026; departmental royalty abolished for non-hydrocarbon substances); tonnage extracted the previous year by holders of exploitation titles operating a deposit on 1 Jan; half to the commune of the operating site, half to communes over the concession pro rata to tonnage (art. 1519 V A). Minerais de lithium: EUR 77.50 per tonne of Li2O contained; lithium from geothermal waters (new from 2026): EUR 144 per tonne of Li2O obtained by dissolution77.5 EUR/ttonne of lithium oxide (Li2O) containedCode général des impôts, art. 1519 II 1° (tariff table as rewritten by art. 113 of loi n° 2026-103 du 19 février 2026 de finances pour 2026) · art. 1519 II 1°in force 2026-01-01
RoyaltyAntimonyRedevance communale des mines (single communal royalty on mineral substances from 2026; departmental royalty abolished for non-hydrocarbon substances); tonnage extracted the previous year by holders of exploitation titles operating a deposit on 1 Jan; half to the commune of the operating site, half to communes over the concession pro rata to tonnage (art. 1519 V A). Minerais d'antimoine: EUR 300 per tonne of Sb contained300 EUR/ttonne of antimony containedCode général des impôts, art. 1519 II 1° (tariff table as rewritten by art. 113 of loi n° 2026-103 du 19 février 2026 de finances pour 2026) · art. 1519 II 1°in force 2026-01-01
RoyaltyTinRedevance communale des mines (single communal royalty on mineral substances from 2026; departmental royalty abolished for non-hydrocarbon substances); tonnage extracted the previous year by holders of exploitation titles operating a deposit on 1 Jan; half to the commune of the operating site, half to communes over the concession pro rata to tonnage (art. 1519 V A). Minerais d'étain: EUR 330 per tonne of Sn contained330 EUR/ttonne of tin containedCode général des impôts, art. 1519 II 1° (tariff table as rewritten by art. 113 of loi n° 2026-103 du 19 février 2026 de finances pour 2026) · art. 1519 II 1°in force 2026-01-01
RoyaltyCopperRedevance communale des mines (single communal royalty on mineral substances from 2026; departmental royalty abolished for non-hydrocarbon substances); tonnage extracted the previous year by holders of exploitation titles operating a deposit on 1 Jan; half to the commune of the operating site, half to communes over the concession pro rata to tonnage (art. 1519 V A). Minerais de cuivre: EUR 184 per tonne of Cu contained184 EUR/ttonne of copper containedCode général des impôts, art. 1519 II 1° (tariff table as rewritten by art. 113 of loi n° 2026-103 du 19 février 2026 de finances pour 2026) · art. 1519 II 1°in force 2026-01-01
RoyaltyNickelRedevance communale des mines (single communal royalty on mineral substances from 2026; departmental royalty abolished for non-hydrocarbon substances); tonnage extracted the previous year by holders of exploitation titles operating a deposit on 1 Jan; half to the commune of the operating site, half to communes over the concession pro rata to tonnage (art. 1519 V A). Minerais de nickel: EUR 170 per tonne of Ni contained (metropolitan France and overseas departments; New Caledonia has its own tax system)170 EUR/ttonne of nickel containedCode général des impôts, art. 1519 II 1° (tariff table as rewritten by art. 113 of loi n° 2026-103 du 19 février 2026 de finances pour 2026) · art. 1519 II 1°in force 2026-01-01
RoyaltyCobaltRedevance communale des mines (single communal royalty on mineral substances from 2026; departmental royalty abolished for non-hydrocarbon substances); tonnage extracted the previous year by holders of exploitation titles operating a deposit on 1 Jan; half to the commune of the operating site, half to communes over the concession pro rata to tonnage (art. 1519 V A). Minerais de cobalt: EUR 240 per tonne of Co contained240 EUR/ttonne of cobalt containedCode général des impôts, art. 1519 II 1° (tariff table as rewritten by art. 113 of loi n° 2026-103 du 19 février 2026 de finances pour 2026) · art. 1519 II 1°in force 2026-01-01
RoyaltyMolybdenumRedevance communale des mines (single communal royalty on mineral substances from 2026; departmental royalty abolished for non-hydrocarbon substances); tonnage extracted the previous year by holders of exploitation titles operating a deposit on 1 Jan; half to the commune of the operating site, half to communes over the concession pro rata to tonnage (art. 1519 V A). Minerais de molybdène: EUR 390 per tonne of Mo contained390 EUR/ttonne of molybdenum containedCode général des impôts, art. 1519 II 1° (tariff table as rewritten by art. 113 of loi n° 2026-103 du 19 février 2026 de finances pour 2026) · art. 1519 II 1°in force 2026-01-01
RoyaltyBismuthRedevance communale des mines (single communal royalty on mineral substances from 2026; departmental royalty abolished for non-hydrocarbon substances); tonnage extracted the previous year by holders of exploitation titles operating a deposit on 1 Jan; half to the commune of the operating site, half to communes over the concession pro rata to tonnage (art. 1519 V A). Minerais de bismuth: EUR 90.90 per tonne of Bi contained90.9 EUR/ttonne of bismuth containedCode général des impôts, art. 1519 II 1° (tariff table as rewritten by art. 113 of loi n° 2026-103 du 19 février 2026 de finances pour 2026) · art. 1519 II 1°in force 2026-01-01
RoyaltyLeadRedevance communale des mines (single communal royalty on mineral substances from 2026; departmental royalty abolished for non-hydrocarbon substances); tonnage extracted the previous year by holders of exploitation titles operating a deposit on 1 Jan; half to the commune of the operating site, half to communes over the concession pro rata to tonnage (art. 1519 V A). Minerais de plomb: EUR 2,100 per 100 t of Pb contained = EUR 21/t21 EUR/ttonne of lead contained (law: EUR 2,100 per hundred tonnes)Code général des impôts, art. 1519 II 1° (tariff table as rewritten by art. 113 of loi n° 2026-103 du 19 février 2026 de finances pour 2026) · art. 1519 II 1°in force 2026-01-01
RoyaltyZincRedevance communale des mines (single communal royalty on mineral substances from 2026; departmental royalty abolished for non-hydrocarbon substances); tonnage extracted the previous year by holders of exploitation titles operating a deposit on 1 Jan; half to the commune of the operating site, half to communes over the concession pro rata to tonnage (art. 1519 V A). Minerais de zinc: EUR 3,100 per 100 t of Zn contained = EUR 31/t31 EUR/ttonne of zinc contained (law: EUR 3,100 per hundred tonnes)Code général des impôts, art. 1519 II 1° (tariff table as rewritten by art. 113 of loi n° 2026-103 du 19 février 2026 de finances pour 2026) · art. 1519 II 1°in force 2026-01-01
RoyaltyManganeseRedevance communale des mines (single communal royalty on mineral substances from 2026; departmental royalty abolished for non-hydrocarbon substances); tonnage extracted the previous year by holders of exploitation titles operating a deposit on 1 Jan; half to the commune of the operating site, half to communes over the concession pro rata to tonnage (art. 1519 V A). Minerais de manganèse: EUR 576.70 per 100 t of Mn contained = EUR 5.767/t5.767 EUR/ttonne of manganese contained (law: EUR 576.70 per hundred tonnes)Code général des impôts, art. 1519 II 1° (tariff table as rewritten by art. 113 of loi n° 2026-103 du 19 février 2026 de finances pour 2026) · art. 1519 II 1°in force 2026-01-01
RoyaltyArsenicRedevance communale des mines (single communal royalty on mineral substances from 2026; departmental royalty abolished for non-hydrocarbon substances); tonnage extracted the previous year by holders of exploitation titles operating a deposit on 1 Jan; half to the commune of the operating site, half to communes over the concession pro rata to tonnage (art. 1519 V A). Minerais d'arsenic: EUR 25,780 per 1,000 t of As contained = EUR 25.78/t25.78 EUR/ttonne of arsenic contained (law: EUR 25,780 per thousand tonnes)Code général des impôts, art. 1519 II 1° (tariff table as rewritten by art. 113 of loi n° 2026-103 du 19 février 2026 de finances pour 2026) · art. 1519 II 1°in force 2026-01-01
RoyaltyBauxiteRedevance communale des mines (single communal royalty on mineral substances from 2026; departmental royalty abolished for non-hydrocarbon substances); tonnage extracted the previous year by holders of exploitation titles operating a deposit on 1 Jan; half to the commune of the operating site, half to communes over the concession pro rata to tonnage (art. 1519 V A). Bauxite: EUR 901.70 per 1,000 net tonnes delivered = EUR 0.9017/t0.9017 EUR/tnet tonne delivered (law: EUR 901.70 per thousand net tonnes delivered)Code général des impôts, art. 1519 II 1° (tariff table as rewritten by art. 113 of loi n° 2026-103 du 19 février 2026 de finances pour 2026) · art. 1519 II 1°in force 2026-01-01
RoyaltyFluorsparRedevance communale des mines (single communal royalty on mineral substances from 2026; departmental royalty abolished for non-hydrocarbon substances); tonnage extracted the previous year by holders of exploitation titles operating a deposit on 1 Jan; half to the commune of the operating site, half to communes over the concession pro rata to tonnage (art. 1519 V A). Fluorine: EUR 2,580 per 1,000 net tonnes delivered = EUR 2.58/t2.58 EUR/tnet tonne delivered (law: EUR 2,580 per thousand net tonnes delivered)Code général des impôts, art. 1519 II 1° (tariff table as rewritten by art. 113 of loi n° 2026-103 du 19 février 2026 de finances pour 2026) · art. 1519 II 1°in force 2026-01-01
RoyaltyIron oreRedevance communale des mines (single communal royalty on mineral substances from 2026; departmental royalty abolished for non-hydrocarbon substances); tonnage extracted the previous year by holders of exploitation titles operating a deposit on 1 Jan; half to the commune of the operating site, half to communes over the concession pro rata to tonnage (art. 1519 V A). Minerais de fer: EUR 660 per 1,000 net tonnes delivered = EUR 0.66/t; iron pyrite EUR 3,972 per 1,000 t0.66 EUR/tnet tonne delivered (law: EUR 660 per thousand net tonnes delivered)Code général des impôts, art. 1519 II 1° (tariff table as rewritten by art. 113 of loi n° 2026-103 du 19 février 2026 de finances pour 2026) · art. 1519 II 1°in force 2026-01-01
RoyaltyPotashRedevance communale des mines (single communal royalty on mineral substances from 2026; departmental royalty abolished for non-hydrocarbon substances); tonnage extracted the previous year by holders of exploitation titles operating a deposit on 1 Jan; half to the commune of the operating site, half to communes over the concession pro rata to tonnage (art. 1519 V A). Sels de potassium: EUR 405.90 per 100 t of K2O contained = EUR 4.059/t4.059 EUR/ttonne of potassium oxide (K2O) contained (law: EUR 405.90 per hundred tonnes)Code général des impôts, art. 1519 II 1° (tariff table as rewritten by art. 113 of loi n° 2026-103 du 19 février 2026 de finances pour 2026) · art. 1519 II 1°in force 2026-01-01
RoyaltySaltRedevance communale des mines (single communal royalty on mineral substances from 2026; departmental royalty abolished for non-hydrocarbon substances); tonnage extracted the previous year by holders of exploitation titles operating a deposit on 1 Jan; half to the commune of the operating site, half to communes over the concession pro rata to tonnage (art. 1519 V A). Sodium chloride: rock salt EUR 1,144 per 1,000 net tonnes delivered (EUR 1.144/t); solution-mined salt delivered refined EUR 812.30 per 1,000 t; delivered in solution EUR 270.60 per 1,000 t of NaCl contained1.144 EUR/tnet tonne delivered (law: per thousand net tonnes delivered)Code général des impôts, art. 1519 II 1° (tariff table as rewritten by art. 113 of loi n° 2026-103 du 19 février 2026 de finances pour 2026) · art. 1519 II 1°in force 2026-01-01
RoyaltySulfurRedevance communale des mines (single communal royalty on mineral substances from 2026; departmental royalty abolished for non-hydrocarbon substances); tonnage extracted the previous year by holders of exploitation titles operating a deposit on 1 Jan; half to the commune of the operating site, half to communes over the concession pro rata to tonnage (art. 1519 V A). Minerais de soufre autres que les pyrites de fer: EUR 6.40 per tonne of S contained (departmental royalty on sulphur ores, art. 1587, kept at EUR 2.10/t)6.4 EUR/ttonne of sulphur containedCode général des impôts, art. 1519 II 1° (tariff table as rewritten by art. 113 of loi n° 2026-103 du 19 février 2026 de finances pour 2026) · art. 1519 II 1°in force 2026-01-01
RoyaltyHeliumRedevance communale des mines (single communal royalty on mineral substances from 2026; departmental royalty abolished for non-hydrocarbon substances); tonnage extracted the previous year by holders of exploitation titles operating a deposit on 1 Jan; half to the commune of the operating site, half to communes over the concession pro rata to tonnage (art. 1519 V A). Hélium naturel (new from 2026): EUR 14 per 100 m3 extracted; natural hydrogen EUR 220 per 1,000 m30.14 EUR/m3cubic metre extracted (law: EUR 14 per 100 m3 extracted)Code général des impôts, art. 1519 II 1° (tariff table as rewritten by art. 113 of loi n° 2026-103 du 19 février 2026 de finances pour 2026) · art. 1519 II 1°in force 2026-01-01
Corporate income tax (mining)All mineralsTaux normal for financial years opened from 1 Jan 2022, all companies regardless of turnover; reduced 15% rate on the first EUR 42,500 for qualifying SMEs (art. 219 I b). No mining-specific rate. The 3.3% social contribution (art. 235 ter ZC) and the exceptional contribution on large companies' profits (budgeted at EUR 7.3 billion in the LFI 2026 revenue table) are additional and were not recorded25%bénéfice imposable (taxable profit), rounded to the nearest euroCode général des impôts, art. 219 I (2nd paragraph), rate trajectory under loi n° 2017-1837 art. 84, loi n° 2019-759 art. 4 and loi n° 2019-1479 art. 39 · art. 219 Iin force 2022-01-01

Rates and terms as set in the cited law or regulation; agreements with individual projects can differ. Not legal or tax advice.

Deals and financing (1)

  1. 2025-03-17 · Equity investment · signed · EUR 110

    JOGMEC; Iwatani Corporation (Japan France Rare Earths) → Caremag SAS (Carester) · Caremag rare earth refining and recycling plant, Lacq

    JOGMEC and Iwatani committed up to EUR 110 million of equity and debt to Caremag's rare earth refining and magnet recycling plant at Lacq, France, in return for long-term supply of half its heavy rare earth output.

    official release

Mines and facilities (6)

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