Policy tracker
Critical minerals policy tracker
Export controls, bans, incentives, stockpiles and international agreements — each linked to the official instrument.
268 of 268 measures · newest first
2029-01-01 · Gabon · Ban / restriction
Ban on exports of raw manganese from 1 January 2029
The Council of Ministers decided on 30 May 2025 to ban exports of raw manganese from 1 January 2029 (the date used here). The aim is to promote local processing. Accompanying measures include a public-private investment fund for manganese processing and tax incentives for industrialisation projects. The Council of Ministers of 8 September 2025 adopted the implementing decree: the ban applies to holders of manganese exploration or mining permits and to traders and exporters, with a transition period from 2025 to 31 December 2028 for operators to build or upgrade local processing units and submit an industrial transformation plan.
2026-09-28 · Burkina Faso · Incentive / strategy
Inauguration of the national gold refinery RAFFINOR-BF
The President inaugurated Burkina Faso's first gold refinery, financed with more than 11 billion FCFA mobilised by the State, notably through the national precious-substances company SONASP, with national private partners. Initial refining capacity is stated at 164 tonnes of gold a year, with a projected long-term capacity of 515 tonnes. Typed incentive (State-led processing capacity).
2026-09-23 · Niger · Agreement
Madaouela uranium mining convention with MAMICO (State stake raised to 40%)
The State and Madaouela Mining Company (MAMICO) signed a mining convention to restart the Madaouela uranium project after the permit was re-awarded on 21 August 2026. The State's stake rises to 40% from 10%, with Atomic Eagle holding 60% and operational control, plus a USD 10 million upfront payment and local-content and capacity-building commitments.
2026-09-23 · South Korea · Stockpile
First Critical Mineral Stockpile Plan (2026–2035) and expansion of designated critical minerals from 38 to 51
The Resource Security Council adopted the first Resource Security Basic Plan, a critical-mineral designation plan expanding the list from 38 to 51 minerals (adding ten rare earths, fluorspar, phosphorus and germanium), and the first statutory critical-mineral stockpile plan for 2026–2035. The stockpile plan widens stockpiled items from 24 to 29 and raises targets for vulnerable minerals from 180 days up to 365 days.
Rare earthsFluorsparPhosphate rockGermaniumIn the explorer →Source: Ministry of Trade, Industry (산업통상부), via korea.kr policy news2026-09-23 · United States · Agreement
US–Argentina Build the Future Framework (EXIM)
Signed on 23 September 2026 (signature date) by EXIM and the Government of Argentina. It aims to mobilise up to $7 billion of financing through 2027 for priority sectors, including critical-minerals development and processing.
2026-09-07 · Türkiye · Agreement
TENMAK – Copenhagen Atomics memorandum of understanding on thorium for molten-salt reactors
Türkiye's Energy, Nuclear and Mining Research Institution (TENMAK) signed an MoU with Danish molten-salt-reactor developer Copenhagen Atomics, witnessed by the Energy Minister. Priorities include R&D and project work to produce, in Türkiye, thorium compounds meeting nuclear-fuel standards for molten-salt reactors, with the stated aim of becoming an international supplier. An MoU is not a binding supply contract.
2026-09-02 · Poland · Incentive / strategy
National Critical Raw Materials Exploration Programme 2026–2033 (Krajowy program poszukiwań surowców krytycznych)
Multi-year government programme of exploration for critical raw materials for 2026–2033, carried out by the Polish Geological Institute under supervision of the environment minister and Chief National Geologist. It is funded by the National Fund for Environmental Protection and Water Management, with a total spending cap of PLN 185.698 million. Date is the resolution's adoption; it takes effect 14 days after its publication on 10 September 2026.
2026-08-31 · Türkiye · Incentive / strategy
Presidential Decision No. 11690: urgent expropriation for the Eti Maden Beylikova thorium-barite-fluorite-REE licence area
Authorises Eti Maden (state-owned) to expropriate land urgently in Sivrihisar and Beylikova districts (Eskişehir) for open pits, waste dumps, ore stockpiles, a tailings dam, industrial plants and infrastructure in licence area Sicil 1075, a Group IV licence for thorium, barite, fluorite and rare-earth elements described as "stratejik öneme sahip" (of strategic importance).
2026-08-21 · Philippines · Incentive / strategy
Executive Order No. 122 (2026) - national policy framework for the mining and critical minerals sector
Sets a national framework for the mining and critical minerals sector that promotes value-added processing and downstream industries, plus side-stream industries such as critical mineral recovery and recycling. It also streamlines government processes, and the Finance and Environment secretaries co-chair the Mining Industry Coordinating Council.
2026-08-19 · Türkiye · Agreement
Türkiye–Syria MoU on phosphate (MTA/MTAIC – Syrian General Establishment of Geology and Mineral Resources)
Türkiye's General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration (MTA) and MTAIC signed a phosphate memorandum of understanding with Syria's General Establishment of Geology and Mineral Resources during the Turkish energy minister's visit to Damascus. It provides for long-term cooperation in geoscience, mining and geothermal energy, with a focus on joint exploration, licensing, operation and downstream projects for phosphate, metallic ores and strategic and critical minerals, including phosphate-rock production and long-term offtake arrangements.
2026-07-30 · United States · Export control
DPA section 101 determination on recoverable critical minerals and materials (scrap, black mass, end-of-life magnets)
Signed 30 July 2026. It finds recoverable critical minerals and materials scarce and critical to national defence. These include black mass, end-of-life rare-earth permanent magnets, swarf and other critical-mineral scrap, but not copper scrap. Commerce is authorised to act under DPA section 101; the White House fact sheet says this includes export restrictions.
Rare earthsLithiumCobaltNickelIn the explorer →Source: Executive Office of the President (Federal Register)2026-07-23 · Sweden · Strategy / roadmap
Swedish mineral strategy (2026)
The government launched a mineral strategy that treats access to metals and minerals as a matter of security as well as industrial policy. It sets measures in eight areas, including simpler permitting, access to land and water, economic security and preparedness, international cooperation, exploration attractiveness, research, resource efficiency and recycling, and public acceptance. The Geological Survey of Sweden (SGU) is tasked with following up the targets.
2026-07-20 · United States · Ban / restriction
Executive Order 14415: restricting waivers for covered materials in defense acquisition (10 U.S.C. 4872)
Signed 20 July 2026. From 1 January 2027, the Department of War will stop issuing waivers under 10 U.S.C. 4872 for buying covered materials from restricted sources, unless the contractor has an approved mitigation plan. The EO does not affect Project Vault.
2026-07-10 · China · Ban / restriction
MOFCOM/GACC Announcement No. 29 of 2026: temporary export prohibition on helium
Imposes a temporary export prohibition on helium (customs code 2804290010) under the Foreign Trade Law, effective on publication. The announcement states that any later adjustment will be announced separately and sets no end date.
2026-07-01 · Norway · Incentive / strategy
Minerals Act 2025 (LOV-2025-06-20-107) replacing the 2009 Minerals Act
New act on mineral activities and management of mineral resources, in force 1 July 2026, replacing the 2009 act. It adds an explicit national-security consideration and a requirement that authorities coordinate permit processing for mineral projects, keeps the regime for state-owned minerals (metals such as copper, nickel, cobalt, chromium, tungsten and uranium), and strengthens protection and compensation for Sami rights-holders.
2026-06-22 · United Kingdom · Incentive / strategy
Critical Minerals Programme (£50 million): Magnet Hub, Critical Minerals Accelerator and Demand Aggregation Platform
Launched under the Industrial Strategy and the 2025 Critical Minerals Strategy. It funds a national rare-earth magnet facility (£20m), collaborative extraction, processing and recycling projects (£25m) and a platform of up to £5m to pool UK industrial demand for critical minerals and support strategic offtake agreements. It adds to earlier support through the National Wealth Fund, DRIVE35 and the UK Shared Prosperity Fund.
2026-06-19 · Guinea · Export control
Presidential directive ending exports of unrefined gold (local refining at Nimba Gold Refinery)
At a meeting with industrial, semi-industrial and artisanal gold operators and gold buying houses, the President stated that exports of raw gold are to end and that Guinean gold is to be refined in the country, notably at the Nimba Gold Refinery in Gbessia. The refinery is described as able to process 2,000 kg of gold a day. Announced at a meeting; no implementing decree or effective date was found.
2026-06-19 · Türkiye · Agreement
Türkiye–Germany protocol expanding the Energy Partnership into an Energy and Minerals Partnership
At the 7th Turkish-German Energy Forum in Ankara, the Turkish energy minister and the German Minister for Economic Affairs and Energy signed a forum protocol renaming the bilateral Energy Partnership and Energy Forum to include minerals. The ministry states the change reflects the growing strategic importance of critical minerals and raw materials, including rare earth elements.
2026-06-17 · Japan · Incentive / strategy
Amendment of the Economic Security Promotion Act and JBIC Act (Act No. 38 of 2026) on supply-chain resilience
An amending law promulgated in June 2026 adds support for services essential to the supply of specified critical products and introduces duty-of-effort and cooperation-request provisions to secure stable supply, alongside changes to the Japan Bank for International Cooperation Act. It applies to all specified critical products, including critical minerals, with provisions entering into force in stages.
2026-06-03 · Mozambique · Trade measure / tariff
Mining Law (Law No. 7/2026)
Replaces the 2014 Mining Law and requires ores to be treated and processed in Mozambique on a progressive basis set by the Council of Ministers. The state holds a non-dilutable free-carried stake of at least 15% at all stages of the value chain, and strategic minerals fall under mining contracts with the Council of Ministers, with the state company ENM representing the state. The law took effect on publication.
2026-05-26 · India · Agreement
Quad Critical Minerals Initiative Framework (Australia, India, Japan, United States)
The four Quad partners released a non-binding framework under which they intend to mobilise up to USD 20 billion in public and private support for critical-mineral mining, processing and recycling projects with a Quad nexus. It also covers sharing permitting practices, tools to review security-sensitive transactions, geological mapping cooperation, possible coordinated responses to non-market practices, and cooperation on recovery of minerals from e-waste and scrap.
2026-05-18 · Niger · Incentive / strategy
Creation of TSUMCO SA, State uranium company replacing the nationalised SOMAÏR
The Council of Ministers adopted a decree creating the State company Teloua Safeguarding Uranium Mining Company (TSUMCO SA) in place of the nationalised SOMAÏR, whose assets take the Teloua name. On 21 August 2026 the Council granted TSUMCO a large-scale uranium mining permit (In Azaoua) over the former SOMAÏR perimeter. Typed incentive because no other type fits a State mining company.
2026-05-11 · Gabon · Agreement
State–Eramet agreement making local manganese processing an operational requirement
The President and the head of the Eramet group concluded an agreement under which local processing of Gabonese manganese becomes an operational requirement, with commitments and set deadlines. Eramet also committed to support a local mineral-processing ecosystem and the modernisation of the Transgabonais railway. The deadlines are not given in the release; dated by the Presidency release.
2026-05-05 · France · Strategy / roadmap
National resilience plan for rare earths and permanent magnets
Plan presented by the economy and industry ministers to secure supplies and rebuild a French and European rare-earth and magnet value chain. Its nine measures include easing the strategic-projects guarantee for rare-earth extraction, talks with commodity traders on critical-mineral supply, extending the green-industry tax credit to 2028 for rare-earth projects, extending the France 2030 critical-metals call, and steering offshore wind towards magnet supply diversification.
2026-04-24 · European Union · Agreement
EU–US memorandum of understanding on a strategic partnership on critical minerals and Critical Minerals Action Plan
Signed on 24 April 2026 (signature date). The MoU covers cooperation across the value chain. An accompanying trade Action Plan explores possible instruments such as border-adjusted price floors, standards-based markets, offtake agreements and coordination on stockpiling.
Rare earthsLithiumCobaltNickelGraphite (natural)GalliumGermaniumIn the explorer →Source: European Commission2026-04-10 · Democratic Republic of the Congo · Stockpile
Strategic Reserve of strategic mineral substances managed by ARECOMS
The Council of Ministers adopted a draft decree instituting a Strategic Reserve of strategic mineral substances, intended to help stabilise their markets, support local value addition and strengthen economic sovereignty. A second decree amended the ARECOMS founding decree to give it the task of building and managing the reserve.
2026-04-06 · India · Incentive / strategy
Three-stage nuclear power programme (thorium in stage 3); PFBR first criticality
DAE's programme: PHWRs on natural uranium (stage 1), fast breeder reactors on recovered plutonium (stage 2), and later thorium/U-233 reactors (stage 3). The 500 MWe Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor at Kalpakkam reached first criticality on 6 April 2026. DAE says it is designed to eventually use Th-232 in the blanket to breed U-233 for the third stage.
2026-04-02 · Australia · Stockpile
Export Finance and Insurance Corporation Amendment (Strategic Reserve) Act 2026 – Critical Minerals Strategic Reserve
Act No. 21 of 2026 gives Export Finance Australia a Strategic Reserve function to secure supply of strategic materials, defined to include items on Australia's Critical Minerals List and certain fuels. It authorises arrangements to buy, sell, transport or store strategic materials or rights to them, subject to ministerial national-interest approval. DISR states the Critical Minerals Strategic Reserve draws A$1bn from the expanded A$5bn Critical Minerals Facility plus funds for selective stockpiling, initially covering antimony, gallium and rare earths.
AntimonyGalliumRare earthsIn the explorer →Source: Federal Register of Legislation, Commonwealth of Australia2026-03-10 · Spain · Incentive / strategy
First Action Plan for the sustainable management of mineral raw materials 2026–2030 (PAMPM), incl. National Mining Exploration Programme
Approved by the Council of Ministers with EUR 414 million in linked public investment and 34 interdepartmental regulatory, sectoral, cross-cutting and R&D measures. Its four axes are autonomy, industry promotion, circularity and sustainable management. It includes Spain's first National Mining Exploration Programme in 50 years (EUR 182 million), with a line for recovering materials from tailings and mine-waste deposits.
2026-03-03 · Malaysia · Ban / restriction
Act 304 (Atomic Energy Licensing Act 1984) licence conditions for Lynas: thorium extraction from WLP residue
In October 2023 the Atomic Energy Licensing Board let Lynas continue cracking and leaching on condition that radioactivity in its water-leach-purification (WLP) residue be brought below 1 Bq/g, based on lab results showing thorium can be extracted from the residue. The licence renewed for 3 March 2026 to 2 March 2036 requires radioactive residue production to stop after five years, with residue from that period neutralised to below 1 Bq/g through thorium extraction or another approved treatment. No new permanent disposal facility for WLP residue above control limits may be built.
2026-02-25 · Zimbabwe · Ban / restriction
Suspension of exports of all raw minerals and lithium concentrates (February 2026)
The government suspended exports of all raw minerals and lithium concentrates with immediate effect and until further notice, including shipments in transit, and told ZIMRA and the Minerals Marketing Corporation to enforce it. For other minerals, only holders of valid mining titles with approved beneficiation plants may export; agents and third-party traders are excluded.
2026-02-17 · United States · Trade measure / tariff
Antidumping and countervailing duty final determinations on Chinese active anode material (graphite)
On 17 February 2026, Commerce published final affirmative determinations: active anode material from China was sold in the US at less than fair value and was subsidised. Cash deposits apply under AD/CVD procedures, subject to the ITC injury determination. Classed as export_control because the tracker has no import-measure type.
2026-02-06 · Mali · Incentive / strategy
Creation of the Société de Patrimoine minier du Mali (State mining holding company)
The Council of Ministers adopted texts creating a 100% State-owned public limited company to take and manage the State's holdings in mining companies, raise funds and carry shares on behalf of Malian nationals, as provided for in the 2023 Mining Code. Typed incentive because no other type fits a State holding company.
2026-02-05 · Uzbekistan · Agreement
United States–Uzbekistan MoU on securing supply in the mining and processing of critical minerals and rare earths (2026)
Uzbekistan's Foreign Minister and the US Deputy Secretary of State signed an intergovernmental memorandum of understanding in Washington on securing supply in the mining and processing of critical minerals and rare earths. The memorandum builds on earlier bilateral critical-minerals cooperation and frames the sector as an area of long-term partnership.
2026-02-04 · United Arab Emirates · Agreement
UAE–United States Framework on Securing Supply in the Mining and Processing of Critical Minerals and Rare Earths
The UAE Minister of Investment and the US Under Secretary of State for Economic Affairs signed a framework on the sidelines of the US Critical Minerals Ministerial to accelerate secure supply of critical minerals and rare earths, drawing on US industrial demand and stockpiling tools and the UAE's strategic reserves. Both sides commit to support investment through financing, guarantees, equity, offtake, insurance and regulatory facilitation, to identify priority projects and take financing steps within six months, and to cooperate on permitting, recycling, geological mapping and responses to non-market practices.
2026-02-04 · United Kingdom · Agreement
UK–US Memorandum of Understanding on securing supply in the mining and processing of critical minerals and rare earths
Signed in Washington on 4 February 2026 (signature date). The two governments intend to accelerate secure supply of critical minerals and rare earths for defence and advanced manufacturing, mobilise government support such as guarantees, loans, equity, offtake facilitation and insurance, and jointly identify projects to back.
2026-02-02 · United States · Stockpile
Project Vault: US Strategic Critical Minerals Reserve
Announced on 2 February 2026 as an independently governed public-private partnership to store critical raw materials for US manufacturers in facilities across the United States. The EXIM Board approved a direct loan of up to $10 billion that day.
Rare earthsGalliumGermaniumCobaltLithiumNickelGraphite (natural)In the explorer →Source: Export-Import Bank of the United States2026-01-29 · African Union · Agreement
AU Commission–United States Strategic Infrastructure and Investment Working Group (SIWG)
Joint statement by the AU Commission and the US Government establishing a working group to identify and advance US private investment in AU-backed infrastructure and related projects. The statement lists the development of critical minerals and commodities supply chains among the areas the investments are meant to support. Dated by the AU press release.
2026-01-29 · Türkiye · Agreement
Türkiye–Uzbekistan MoU on developing cooperation in mining
Türkiye's Minister of Energy and Natural Resources and Uzbekistan's Minister of Mining Industry and Geology signed a memorandum of understanding on developing cooperation in mining at the fourth meeting of the bilateral High-Level Strategic Cooperation Council in Ankara. The ministry states the MoU targets information sharing, research and development and concrete projects in critical minerals and rare earth elements.
2026-01-14 · United States · Trade measure / tariff
Proclamation 11001: Section 232 action on processed critical minerals and derivative products
Signed 14 January 2026. The President agreed with Commerce's finding that these imports threaten to impair national security. He directed Commerce and USTR to negotiate agreements with trading partners, considering price floors and other measures. Minimum import prices or other remedies may follow depending on the negotiations; no tariff was imposed.
Rare earthsLithiumCobaltNickelGalliumGermaniumGraphite (natural)In the explorer →Source: Executive Office of the President (Federal Register)2026-01-06 · China · Export control
MOFCOM Announcement No. 1 of 2026: strengthened dual-use export controls toward Japan
Prohibits exports of all dual-use items to Japanese military users, for military purposes, or to any end user or end use that would enhance Japan's military capabilities, effective on publication. The announcement covers all listed dual-use items rather than naming specific minerals.
2026-01-01 · Vietnam · Ban / restriction
Law No. 147/2025/QH15 amending the Law on Geology and Minerals (rare earth chapter; no raw rare-earth exports)
Adds a chapter declaring rare earths a special strategic mineral. Raw rare-earth ore may not be exported, and only state-designated or authorised entities may explore, mine and process it, with deep processing tied to a domestic industrial ecosystem. It also provides for rare-earth reserve areas, a national rare-earth strategy, and state regulation of rare-earth exports and imports.
2025-12-27 · Peru · Trade measure / tariff
Law No. 32537 extending the comprehensive mining formalisation process (REINFO) to 31 December 2026
Amends Article 6 of Legislative Decree 1293 so that the formalisation process for small-scale and artisanal miners registered in REINFO runs until 31 December 2026, or until a new small-scale and artisanal mining (MAPE) law and its regulation take effect if that is earlier. Registered miners must declare the real location of their workings through the Ministry of Energy and Mines (MINEM) single window within 120 days, INEI must run a national small-scale mining census, and buyers of mineral products must check the seller's concession and REINFO status. Published in El Peruano on 26 December 2025.
2025-12-19 · Chile · Agreement
Corfo–SQM–Codelco Salar de Atacama lithium contracts (approval by the Comptroller General)
On 19 December 2025 the Comptroller General approved Corfo's resolution covering amended SQM lease and project contracts (valid to 2030) and new contracts with Codelco and its subsidiary Minera Tarar (2031–2060). Through the Codelco–SQM public-private partnership, the State gains a strategic majority. The date is the approval date announced by the ministry.
2025-12-06 · Australia · Incentive / strategy
Income Tax Assessment (1997 Act) Amendment (Critical Minerals) Regulations 2025 – CMPTI prescribed processing activities
Regulations made under the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 that prescribe additional processing activities eligible for the Critical Minerals Production Tax Incentive. They cover production of high-purity alumina (at least 99.99%), purification, micronising and spheroidising of graphite, and production of precursor cathode active material for lithium-ion batteries.
AluminaGraphite (natural)In the explorer →Source: Federal Register of Legislation, Commonwealth of Australia (Treasury)2025-12-05 · Norway · Ban / restriction
Storting request not to announce the first seabed-minerals licensing round in the 2025–2029 parliamentary term
As part of the 2026 budget settlement, the Storting adopted a request (later numbered request resolution no. 24) asking the government not to announce the first licensing round for seabed minerals during the current parliamentary term. This continues the pause first agreed in the autumn 2024 budget negotiations, which had put the planned first round on hold.
2025-12-04 · Democratic Republic of the Congo · Agreement
US–DRC Strategic Partnership Agreement (critical minerals)
Binding agreement under which the DRC designates a Strategic Asset Reserve of critical-mineral and gold assets and exploration areas, with US persons given a right of first offer on those projects and on marketed output from them. It also covers the Sakania–Lobito export corridor, a possible jointly coordinated strategic minerals reserve in the DRC, investment incentives, and ARECOMS notification to the US of changes to cobalt export quotas or bans.
2025-12-04 · Democratic Republic of the Congo and Rwanda · Agreement
DRC–Rwanda Regional Economic Integration Framework (mineral supply chains)
Framework signed alongside the US-brokered Washington Accords. The two governments commit to fight illicit mineral extraction and trade, affirm each country's sovereign control over its resources, work to remove barriers to direct lawful export of regional tin, tantalum, tungsten, niobium and gold, and develop processing, energy and transport links.
2025-12-04 · Rwanda · Agreement
US–Rwanda Framework for Shared Economic Prosperity
Bilateral framework signed in Washington on the day of the Washington Accords. The State Department's 2026 investment climate statement for Rwanda describes it as identifying cooperation areas including critical minerals, energy and regulatory harmonisation.
2025-12-03 · European Union · Stockpile
RESourceEU Action Plan: joint purchasing, stockpiling pilot and European Critical Raw Materials Centre
Adopted 3 December 2025. The plan sets up a European Critical Raw Materials Centre in early 2026 to handle joint purchasing and stockpiling, and a coordinated EU stockpiling pilot with Member States to become operational in early 2026. It also plans to mobilise up to €3 billion within 12 months and to restrict exports of permanent-magnet scrap and waste from early 2026.
2025-11-26 · India · Incentive / strategy
Scheme to Promote Manufacturing of Sintered Rare Earth Permanent Magnets (Rs 7,280 crore)
The Cabinet approved a scheme to create 6,000 tonnes per year of integrated sintered rare-earth permanent magnet capacity, covering conversion of rare-earth oxides to metals, alloys and finished magnets. Support comprises Rs 6,450 crore of sales-linked incentives over five years and Rs 750 crore of capital subsidy, allocated to up to five beneficiaries (max 1,200 t/yr each) through global competitive bidding, over a seven-year scheme period.
2025-11-24 · Multilateral (African mining ministers) · Strategy / roadmap
Marrakech Declaration: common African ESG governance framework for the mining sector
Published at the second International Mining Conference (IMC Morocco 2025) in Marrakech after a year of coordination among African ministers responsible for mining. It sets out shared principles on access to sustainable finance for mining and mineral-processing projects, transparency, accountability, inter-African and financial cooperation and responsible production, intended as a common continental reference for mining-sector reforms. Dated by the Moroccan ministry release.
2025-11-24 · Morocco · Agreement
Strategic cooperation agreement between Morocco's Energy Transition Ministry and the Africa Minerals Strategy Group (AMSG)
Signed at IMC Morocco 2025 in Marrakech. It provides for practical cooperation to add value to African mineral resources through certification and accreditation mechanisms, support for the African ESG framework, and Morocco's Origin, Transit and Certification (OTC) corridor initiative. Dated by the ministry release.
2025-11-22 · United Kingdom · Strategy / roadmap
Vision 2035: UK Critical Minerals Strategy
Published 22 November 2025. Targets for 2035: at least 10% of UK critical-mineral demand from domestic production (including at least 50,000 t of lithium), 20% from recycling, and no more than 60% from any one country. It also provides up to £50 million in funding support for critical-mineral projects.
LithiumRare earthsTungstenTinCopperCobaltNickelIn the explorer →Source: Department for Business and Trade (GOV.UK)2025-11-20 · European Union · Agreement
EU–South Africa Clean Trade and Investment Partnership and minerals and metals value-chain cooperation
Signed on 20 November 2025 (signature date) at a leaders' meeting in Johannesburg. The package includes the first EU Clean Trade and Investment Partnership and a new cooperation agreement on minerals and metals value chains.
2025-11-18 · Saudi Arabia · Agreement
United States–Saudi Arabia Critical Minerals Framework (November 2025)
During the Saudi Crown Prince's visit to Washington, the United States and Saudi Arabia concluded a Critical Minerals Framework intended to deepen collaboration and align national strategies to diversify critical-mineral supply chains. The White House describes it as building on similar frameworks agreed with other trading partners.
2025-11-09 · China · Export control
MOFCOM Announcement No. 72 of 2025: suspension of US-specific gallium, germanium, antimony and superhard-material export restriction
Suspends paragraph 2 of MOFCOM Announcement No. 46 of 2024, which had provided that dual-use gallium, germanium, antimony and superhard-material exports to the United States would in principle not be licensed and that graphite exports to the US would face stricter end-user review. The suspension runs from 2025-11-09 until 2026-11-27; the rest of Announcement No. 46 remains.
GalliumGermaniumAntimonyGraphite (natural)Graphite (synthetic)In the explorer →Source: Ministry of Commerce of the PRC (MOFCOM)2025-11-08 · China · Export control
MOFCOM/GACC Announcement No. 55 of 2025: export controls on superhard materials
Extends export licensing to synthetic diamond micropowder and single crystals in specified size ranges, certain diamond wire saws and grinding wheels, DC plasma CVD equipment and related process technology. It was suspended before its effective date by Announcement No. 70 of 2025 until 2026-11-10.
2025-11-08 · China · Export control
MOFCOM/GACC Announcement No. 56 of 2025: export controls on rare-earth equipment and raw/auxiliary materials
Adds rare-earth production equipment (control code 2B902, e.g. extraction, roasting, furnace and electrolysis equipment) and rare-earth raw and auxiliary materials (1C914, including bastnaesite, monazite and ion-adsorption ores and extractants such as P507 and P204) to export licensing. It was suspended before its effective date by Announcement No. 70 of 2025 until 2026-11-10.
2025-11-08 · China · Export control
MOFCOM/GACC Announcement No. 57 of 2025: export controls on holmium, erbium, thulium, europium and ytterbium items
Extends export licensing to five further medium/heavy rare earths (holmium, erbium, thulium, europium, ytterbium) covering metals, alloys, targets, magnets, functional materials, oxides and compounds (codes 1C909-1C913). It was suspended before its effective date by Announcement No. 70 of 2025 until 2026-11-10.
2025-11-08 · China · Export control
MOFCOM/GACC Announcement No. 58 of 2025: export controls on lithium batteries, cathode materials and artificial graphite anode materials
Adds high energy-density lithium-ion cells (300 Wh/kg and above) and battery manufacturing equipment, certain LFP cathode materials and NCM/NCA precursors, and artificial graphite and blended anode materials with related equipment and technology to export licensing. It was suspended before its effective date by Announcement No. 70 of 2025 until 2026-11-10.
LithiumGraphite (synthetic)Graphite (natural)NickelCobaltManganeseIn the explorer →Source: Ministry of Commerce (MOFCOM) and General Administration of Customs (GACC) of the PRC2025-11-07 · China · Export control
MOFCOM/GACC Announcement No. 70 of 2025: suspension of October 2025 rare-earth, battery and superhard-material controls
Suspends implementation of MOFCOM/GACC Announcements Nos. 55-58 of 2025 and MOFCOM Announcements Nos. 61-62 of 2025 from the date of issue until 2026-11-10. The suspended measures covered superhard materials, rare-earth equipment, materials and technologies, five medium/heavy rare earths, battery and graphite anode items, and extraterritorial rare-earth controls.
Rare earthsLithiumGraphite (synthetic)Graphite (natural)In the explorer →Source: Ministry of Commerce (MOFCOM) and General Administration of Customs (GACC) of the PRC2025-11-01 · Australia · Agreement
Joint Declaration of Intent between Canada and Australia on Critical Minerals Collaboration
Declaration between Natural Resources Canada and Australia's Department of Industry, Science and Resources setting out cooperation on critical minerals supply chains. It covers linking upstream production with midstream processing, refining and recycling, facilitating public and private investment in priority projects, and commercial and research partnerships.
2025-10-28 · Japan · Agreement
United States–Japan Framework for Securing the Supply of Critical Minerals and Rare Earths through Mining and Processing
A non-binding framework in which both governments intend to use financing, offtake, permitting acceleration, stockpiling and trade tools to support critical-mineral and rare-earth mining and processing, and to provide financial support to selected projects within six months. It set up a bilateral Rapid Response Group led by the US Energy Secretary and Japan's METI Minister and envisages a complementary stockpiling arrangement and cooperation on scrap and asset-sale reviews.
2025-10-27 · United States · Agreement
US–Japan Framework for Securing the Supply of Critical Minerals and Rare Earths
Dated 27 October 2025 (signature date). Both governments intend to mobilise support for mining and processing projects, coordinate financing and trade measures, and consider a mutually complementary stockpiling arrangement using their existing national systems.
2025-10-26 · Malaysia · Agreement
United States-Malaysia Agreement on Reciprocal Trade (critical minerals investment and security provisions)
Bilateral trade agreement signed in Kuala Lumpur. Malaysia commits to explore an inbound-investment screening mechanism, including for critical minerals, and to facilitate US investment in sectors including critical minerals. The agreement enters into force 60 days after both sides confirm completion of domestic procedures.
2025-10-26 · Malaysia · Agreement
United States-Malaysia Memorandum of Understanding on critical minerals
MoU signed by the US and Malaysia during the ASEAN Summit visit. It aims to expand bilateral trade and investment in critical minerals across exploration, extraction, refining, manufacturing, recovery and recycling, and to help diversify global supply chains.
2025-10-23 · Türkiye · Agreement
Türkiye–Oman MoU on cooperation in mining and critical minerals
Türkiye's Minister of Energy and Natural Resources and Oman's Minister of Energy and Minerals signed a memorandum of understanding on cooperation in mining and critical minerals in Muscat during the Turkish President's state visit. It covers sharing data on licence areas and investment opportunities, promoting joint public and private investment in exploration and production, and exchanging expertise in mining, critical minerals and earth sciences.
2025-10-20 · Australia · Agreement
United States–Australia Framework for Securing of Supply in the Mining and Processing of Critical Minerals and Rare Earths
Non-binding framework signed by the US President and the Australian Prime Minister. Each side intends to mobilise at least US$1bn in financing for projects in the two countries within six months, consider price floors and other measures against non-market practices, speed up permitting, and set up a joint Critical Minerals Supply Security Response Group; it references Australia's Critical Minerals Strategic Reserve.
2025-10-16 · Democratic Republic of the Congo · Export control
ARECOMS cobalt export quota system replacing the export suspension
Under ARECOMS Decision No. 004/ARECOMS/2025 (20 September 2025), cobalt exports resumed under quotas from 16 October 2025: 18,125 t for October–December 2025 and an annual cap of 96,600 t for 2026 and 2027, made up of 87,000 t of base quotas allocated pro rata to historical exports and a 9,600 t strategic quota managed by ARECOMS for projects of national strategic importance.
2025-10-09 · China · Export control
MOFCOM Announcement No. 61 of 2025: extraterritorial export controls on rare-earth items
Requires foreign parties to obtain a Chinese dual-use export licence to export overseas-made items containing listed Chinese-origin rare-earth items at 0.1% or more of value, or items made with Chinese rare-earth mining, separation, smelting, magnet or recycling technologies, and to re-export Chinese-origin listed items. The re-export part applied on publication and the de minimis/technology parts were set for 2025-12-01; the whole announcement was suspended by Announcement No. 70 of 2025 until 2026-11-10.
2025-10-09 · China · Export control
MOFCOM Announcement No. 62 of 2025: export controls on rare-earth technologies
Places technologies for rare-earth mining, smelting/separation, metal smelting, magnet manufacturing (SmCo, NdFeB, cerium magnets) and secondary resource recycling, plus production-line assembly, maintenance and upgrading know-how (code 1E902), under export licensing. It took effect on publication and was suspended by Announcement No. 70 of 2025 from 2025-11-07 until 2026-11-10.
2025-09-30 · United States · Incentive / strategy
Termination of the 30D new clean vehicle credit (and its critical minerals requirement)
Under Public Law 119-21 (sections 70501–70503), the 30D new clean vehicle credit, including its critical-minerals sourcing condition, is not allowed for vehicles acquired after 30 September 2025. The 25E and 45W credits end on the same date. The date shown is the last day of eligibility.
2025-09-19 · Mali · Agreement
New establishment conventions for the Torakoro and Bougouni (Foulaboula) lithium mines and two gold mines
The Council of Ministers approved new exploitation-phase conventions with Lithium du Mali (lithium, Torakoro), Les Mines de Lithium de Bougouni (lithium, Foulaboula), SEMOS (gold, Sadiola) and SOMISY (gold, Syama), following protocols signed in September and November 2024. The conventions raise the State's shareholdings and convert them into non-contributory, non-dilutable stakes with priority dividends.
2025-09-04 · Philippines · Incentive / strategy
Republic Act No. 12253 - Enhanced Fiscal Regime for Large-Scale Metallic Mining Act
Sets a single fiscal regime for large-scale metallic mining: tiered royalties on mines outside mineral reservations, a tiered windfall profits tax, ring-fencing and thin-capitalisation rules, and tighter monitoring of mineral sales and exports. It removes earlier tax distinctions between types of mining agreement; DOF issued implementing rules in December 2025.
2025-09-03 · India · Incentive / strategy
Rs 1,500 crore incentive scheme for critical mineral recycling (under NCMM)
The Cabinet approved a six-year (FY2025-26 to FY2030-31) scheme to build capacity to extract critical minerals from e-waste, lithium-ion battery scrap and other scrap such as spent catalytic converters. It offers a 20% capex subsidy and an opex subsidy linked to incremental sales, capped per entity, with one-third of the outlay earmarked for smaller and new recyclers; units producing only black mass are excluded.
LithiumCobaltNickelPlatinum-group metalsIn the explorer →Source: Press Information Bureau, Government of India (Cabinet)2025-08-26 · Germany · Agreement
Canada–Germany Joint Declaration of Intent on Critical Minerals Cooperation
Natural Resources Canada and Germany's Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy signed a non-binding declaration in Berlin to cooperate on critical mineral supply chains. It covers project financing and trade, midstream processing, refining and recycling technology, supply-chain integration and risk assessment, and ESG and traceability alignment, naming lithium, rare earths, copper, tungsten, gallium, germanium and nickel.
LithiumRare earthsCopperTungstenGalliumGermaniumNickelIn the explorer →Source: Natural Resources Canada2025-08-05 · Guinea · Incentive / strategy
Creation of Nimba Mining Company S.A. (100% Guinean bauxite operator)
Nimba Mining Company, presented as the first 100% national mining company and owned by a national holding for extracting and processing natural resources, was created on 5 August 2025 and operates the Tinguilinta bauxite mine. Within three months it had loaded a first 200,000-tonne bauxite cargo at Kamsar under a 1.5 Mt sales contract; the Government stated it intends to build alumina refineries. Typed incentive because no other type fits a State-owned operator.
2025-07-24 · Türkiye · Stockpile
Law No. 7554 (2025) amending Mining Law No. 3213: strategic and critical minerals and mandatory stockpiling
Rewrites Article 8 of the Mining Law to define critical and strategic minerals, which the Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources identifies after consulting the defence, industry and trade ministries, and allows expedited expropriation for their mining. The President may require licence holders to stockpile these minerals, up to 10% of the previous year's production.
2025-07-18 · Ukraine · Strategy / roadmap
Cabinet Resolution No. 845 approving the lists of strategic and critical minerals and of deposits to be offered
Approves a list of minerals of strategic importance (aluminium, beryllium, copper, nickel, niobium, strontium, tantalum, titanium, uranium and zirconium ores and fluorite) and a longer list of critical minerals, including lithium, rare-earth, gallium, tungsten and other ores and potash. It also lists subsoil plots to be offered by electronic auction or by production-sharing tender and replaces the 2023 list of PSA sites.
BauxiteBerylliumCopperNickelNiobiumStrontium (celestite)TantalumTitanium (ilmenite)Titanium (rutile)UraniumZirconium (zircon)FluorsparVanadiumBismuthTungstenGalliumHafniumIndiumRare earthsLithiumArsenicTinLeadAntimonyTelluriumZincPotashIn the explorer →Source: Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, Legislation of Ukraine portal2025-07-15 · China · Export control
MOFCOM/MOST Announcement No. 28 of 2025: technology export catalogue adjustment (battery cathode, lithium processing, gallium extraction)
Adjusts the 2023 Catalogue of Technologies Prohibited and Restricted from Export by adding battery cathode material (LFP, LMFP and phosphate precursor) preparation technologies to the restricted list. It also adds spodumene-to-lithium carbonate/hydroxide, lithium metal, brine lithium extraction and lithium solution purification technologies, and redefines the gallium extraction item for recovery from alumina liquor.
2025-07-04 · United States · Incentive / strategy
Public Law 119-21 (2025): phase-out of 45X credit for applicable critical minerals
Enacted 4 July 2025. The 45X credit for applicable critical minerals (other than metallurgical coal) phases down for minerals produced after 31 December 2030: to 75% in 2031, 50% in 2032 and 25% in 2033. The law also adds foreign-entity restrictions tied to critical-mineral extraction, processing and recycling.
LithiumCobaltNickelGraphite (natural)ManganeseRare earthsIn the explorer →Source: U.S. Government Publishing Office (govinfo)2025-07-04 · United States · Stockpile
Public Law 119-21 (2025): $2 billion for the National Defense Stockpile
Enacted 4 July 2025. The law appropriates $2,000,000,000 for activities to improve the US stockpile of critical minerals through the National Defense Stockpile Transaction Fund (50 U.S.C. chapter 5, subchapter III).
Rare earthsGalliumGermaniumAntimonyTungstenCobaltIn the explorer →Source: U.S. Government Publishing Office (govinfo)2025-07-01 · Vietnam · Export control
Law on Geology and Minerals No. 54/2024/QH15
New framework law replacing the 2010 Minerals Law. It creates a strategic and important minerals category and national mineral reserve areas held for 20-70 years. The State sets mineral export, import and reserve policy with priority for domestic production inputs, and may award strategic minerals under intergovernmental agreements.
2025-06-30 · Peru · Trade measure / tariff
Supreme Decree 012-2025-EM setting the close of the comprehensive mining formalisation process
Using the one-off six-month extension allowed by Law 32213, the decree extended the formalisation process to 31 December 2025 only for miners with an active REINFO registration, or one suspended for no more than a year, as of 30 June 2025. For every other registrant the process ended for good on 30 June 2025. It also told MINEM to audit what miners had declared in REINFO and to remove those who break the rules. Signed 28 June and published 29 June 2025; the deadline was later moved again by Law 32537.
2025-06-19 · Niger · Trade measure / tariff
Nationalisation of SOMAÏR (Société des mines de l'Aïr)
The Council of Ministers decided to nationalise the uranium miner SOMAÏR, 63.4% held by Orano, transferring all its shares and assets to the State with compensation that takes account of holders' legal obligations, including site rehabilitation. The Government cited disputes over the split of marketed production and the company's operations after its mining convention expired at the end of 2023.
2025-06-17 · G7 · Agreement
G7 Critical Minerals Action Plan (Kananaskis)
Adopted by G7 leaders on 17 June 2025 (adoption date) and endorsed by Australia, India and the Republic of Korea. It commits to a roadmap for standards-based critical-minerals markets, more investment in responsible projects (including through export credit agencies and development finance institutions), and cooperation on innovation and recycling.
Rare earthsLithiumCobaltNickelGraphite (natural)GalliumGermaniumSource: Prime Minister of Canada (G7 Presidency 2025)2025-06-04 · European Union · Incentive / strategy
First list of 13 CRMA Strategic Projects outside the EU
Adopted 4 June 2025. The 13 projects are in Brazil, Canada, Greenland, Kazakhstan, Madagascar, Malawi, New Caledonia, Norway, Serbia, South Africa, the UK, Ukraine and Zambia. Ten cover battery raw materials (lithium, nickel, cobalt, manganese, graphite) and two cover rare-earth extraction. The Commission estimates capital needs of €5.5 billion.
2025-05-28 · Mali · Agreement
State participation in the Société de Raffinerie d'Or du Mali (gold refinery with Yadran)
The Council of Ministers adopted a bill and a decree on State participation in the Malian gold refinery company. The State signed a protocol with the Russian company Yadran to build and operate a refinery with capacity of 200 tonnes of gold per year, in which the State holds 62%, so that gold is processed in Mali by a State unit. Dated by Council adoption; the protocol signing date was not stated.
2025-05-15 · South Africa · Strategy / roadmap
Critical Minerals and Metals Strategy for South Africa (Cabinet approval)
Cabinet approved a national critical minerals strategy aimed at capturing more value from minerals in which South Africa has an advantage, naming PGMs, lithium, cobalt and rare earths. Its pillars cover exploration and beneficiation, investment and localisation, regulatory streamlining, mining innovation, skills, transport and logistics infrastructure, and international cooperation.
Platinum-group metalsLithiumCobaltRare earthsIn the explorer →Source: SAnews.gov.za (South African Government News Agency, GCIS)2025-05-13 · Saudi Arabia · Agreement
United States–Saudi Arabia Memorandum of Cooperation on critical minerals (May 2025)
The US Secretary of Energy and Saudi Arabia's Ministers of Energy and of Industry and Mineral Resources signed a memorandum of cooperation setting a framework to strengthen and secure supply chains for critical-minerals mining and processing. It anticipates joint ventures, investment in refining and processing facilities, and cooperation on workforce development and research institutions.
2025-04-30 · United States · Agreement
US–Ukraine Reconstruction Investment Fund agreement (minerals agreement)
Signed in Washington on 30 April 2025 (date used here) and entered into force on 23 May 2025. It sets up a joint investment fund that receives 50% of Ukraine's future revenues from new licences for listed natural-resource assets. Listed assets include lithium, graphite, rare earths, titanium, uranium and other minerals, plus oil and gas.
LithiumGraphite (natural)Rare earthsTitanium spongeUraniumNickelCobaltManganeseGalliumGermaniumIn the explorer →Source: U.S. Department of State, Office of Treaty Affairs2025-04-24 · United States · Incentive / strategy
Executive Order 14285: Unleashing America's Offshore Critical Minerals and Resources
Signed 24 April 2025. It sets a policy to rapidly develop US capabilities to explore, collect and process seabed minerals, such as polymetallic nodules containing nickel, cobalt, copper, manganese, titanium and rare earths.
2025-04-15 · United States · Trade measure / tariff
Executive Order 14272: Section 232 investigation of imports of processed critical minerals and derivative products
Signed 15 April 2025. It orders a Section 232 national-security investigation into imports of processed critical minerals (USGS list, including rare earths and uranium) and derivative products. Classed as export_control because the tracker has no import-measure type.
Rare earthsGalliumGermaniumAntimonyTungstenCobaltLithiumNickelGraphite (natural)UraniumIn the explorer →Source: Executive Office of the President (Federal Register)2025-04-09 · Czechia · Incentive / strategy
Government Regulation No. 82/2025 Coll. designating the Cínovec and Horní Slavkov lithium deposits as deposits of strategic importance
Issued under the amended Mining Act, the regulation names five reserved critical-mineral deposits as deposits of strategic importance: three Cínovec deposits, the Cínovec tailings and the Horní Slavkov tailings. This brings them under the accelerated permitting regime. These Ore Mountains (Krušné hory) deposits are Czechia's main lithium resources.
2025-04-04 · China · Export control
MOFCOM/GACC Announcement No. 18 of 2025 on export controls for certain medium and heavy rare-earth items
Adds export-licence requirements for items related to seven rare-earth elements: samarium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, lutetium, scandium and yttrium (including metals, alloys, oxides and compounds). The dual-use export control list was updated accordingly.
2025-04-02 · Ghana · Export control
Ghana Gold Board Act, 2025 (Act 1140)
Establishes the Ghana Gold Board to oversee and undertake the buying, selling, assaying, refining and export of gold and to support Bank of Ghana gold reserves. The Board has sole authority to grade, assay and value gold produced in or exported from Ghana, and to buy, sell and export gold from miners other than large-scale mining companies; it may also buy large-scale output under the Government's pre-emption rights.
2025-04-01 · Australia · Incentive / strategy
Future Made in Australia (Production Tax Credits and Other Measures) Act 2025 – Critical Minerals Production Tax Incentive (Division 419 ITAA 1997)
Act No. 9 of 2025 inserts Division 419 into the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997, creating a refundable tax offset equal to 10% of eligible expenditure on processing and refining listed critical minerals at registered Australian facilities. Registrations can run for up to 10 income years within the window 1 July 2027 to 30 June 2040; uranium cannot be prescribed. Schedule 2 commenced on 1 April 2025, while offsets apply to processing from 1 July 2027.
AntimonyArsenicBerylliumBismuthChromiumCobaltFluorsparGalliumGermaniumGraphite (natural)HafniumAluminaIndiumLithiumMagnesium metalManganeseMolybdenumNickelNiobiumPlatinum-group metalsRare earthsRheniumSeleniumSiliconTantalumTelluriumTungstenVanadiumZirconium (zircon)In the explorer →Source: Federal Register of Legislation (Office of Parliamentary Counsel), Commonwealth of Australia2025-03-25 · European Union · Incentive / strategy
First list of 47 CRMA Strategic Projects in the EU
The Commission adopted a decision on 25 March 2025 designating 47 Strategic Projects inside the EU for the extraction, processing, recycling or substitution of strategic raw materials. Designated projects get coordinated help with financing and off-takers and, inside the EU, faster permitting. The date is the adoption date given in the Commission's June 2025 press release.
2025-03-20 · United States · Incentive / strategy
Executive Order 14241: Immediate Measures to Increase American Mineral Production
Signed 20 March 2025. It directs agencies to name priority mineral-production projects and speed up their permits, to prioritise mineral production on federal land with known deposits, and to use financing tools including the Defense Production Act. The covered minerals are critical minerals plus uranium, copper, potash and gold.
CopperUraniumLithiumRare earthsPotashIn the explorer →Source: Executive Office of the President (Federal Register)2025-03-19 · Indonesia · Export control
Law No. 2/2025 (fourth amendment to the Mineral and Coal Mining Law)
Fourth amendment to Law 4/2009. Requires production-stage permit holders to meet domestic needs before exporting, allows priority award of metal-mineral mining areas to SOEs and private firms for downstream processing, and adds priority allocation to cooperatives, SMEs, religious-organisation enterprises and universities.
2025-03-18 · African Union · Strategy / roadmap
Africa's Green Minerals Strategy (AGMS)
Continental strategy to move Africa from supplying raw green minerals (such as lithium, cobalt, nickel, rare earths and PGMs) to building integrated regional value chains with local beneficiation, manufacturing and industrialisation. It was adopted by the AU Executive Council at its 46th Ordinary Session (12-13 February 2025, decision EX.CL/Dec.1280(XLVI)); the date used here is the AU publication date of the final document.
LithiumCobaltNickelRare earthsPlatinum-group metalsSource: African Union Commission (African Minerals Development Centre)2025-03-05 · Indonesia · Export control
Permen ESDM No. 6/2025 amending Permen 6/2024 (force-majeure copper concentrate export allowance)
Amendment letting a copper IUPK holder whose completed refinery cannot operate because of force majeure export limited quantities of processed copper during repairs. A one-off ministerial recommendation valid up to six months is required before a trade-ministry export approval, together with minimum processing and export duty conditions.
2025-02-22 · Democratic Republic of the Congo · Ban / restriction
ARECOMS temporary suspension of cobalt exports
The strategic minerals market regulator ARECOMS (Decision No. 001/ARECOMS/2025) suspended all cobalt exports from industrial, semi-industrial and artisanal mining for an initial four months, to 21 June 2025, to address market oversupply. The suspension was extended to 21 September and then to 15 October 2025, after which an export quota system replaced it.
2025-02-13 · France · Incentive / strategy
National mineral resources inventory update (Inventaire des ressources minérales, BRGM)
Five-year programme run by BRGM, the national geological survey, to update knowledge of France's subsurface potential for around fifty strategic elements in five target areas in mainland France and French Guiana, using modern airborne geophysics and geochemistry. Areas found most favourable can then be explored in more depth by mining companies. It is funded with EUR 53 million under France 2030 via the national research agency (ANR).
2025-02-07 · South Korea · Stockpile
National Resource Security Special Act (국가자원안보 특별법) in force; Resource Security Council launched
The National Resource Security Special Act took effect, creating a Resource Security Council chaired by the industry minister as the government's resource-security control tower, with powers over core-resource designation, stockpile plans and crisis response. At its first meeting in December 2025 the council designated 18 core supplier and 20 core demand institutions for critical minerals, oil, gas and uranium and set plans to expand critical-mineral stockpiles and support recycling.
2025-02-04 · China · Export control
MOFCOM/GACC Announcement No. 10 of 2025: export controls on tungsten, tellurium, bismuth, molybdenum and indium items
Adds specified items to the dual-use export control list, including ammonium paratungstate, tungsten oxides and certain tungsten alloys; tellurium metal and cadmium-telluride-type crystals; bismuth metal and certain compounds; fine molybdenum powder; indium phosphide and organo-indium compounds, plus related production technologies. Exporters must obtain MOFCOM licences.
TungstenTelluriumBismuthMolybdenumIndiumIn the explorer →Source: Ministry of Commerce (MOFCOM) and General Administration of Customs (GACC) of the PRC2025-02-03 · New Zealand · Strategy / roadmap
A Minerals Strategy for New Zealand to 2040 and New Zealand's Critical Minerals List
The New Zealand Government launched a minerals strategy to 2040, with a delivery roadmap built around productivity, value and resilience, together with a first Critical Minerals List of 37 minerals. The strategy aims to double mineral exports to NZ$3 billion by 2035. Cabinet added gold and metallurgical coal to the list recommended by Wood Mackenzie, and MBIE will review the list periodically.
2025-01-29 · India · Strategy / roadmap
National Critical Mineral Mission (NCMM)
The Union Cabinet approved the National Critical Mineral Mission with Rs 16,300 crore of government expenditure and an expected Rs 18,000 crore from public sector undertakings, covering exploration (including offshore), mining, beneficiation, processing and recovery from end-of-life products. The mission provides for exploration incentives, fast-track approvals, overseas asset acquisition, a domestic critical-mineral stockpile, processing parks, recycling support and a Centre of Excellence.
2025-01-17 · Ukraine · Strategy / roadmap
Law No. 4154-IX on updating the national mineral resource base programme to 2030 and on strategic and critical minerals
Amends the Subsoil Code and the national programme for developing the mineral resource base to 2030. Metallic ores and non-metallic minerals of national importance can be placed on Cabinet-approved lists of minerals of strategic and/or critical importance, subject to criteria set out in the law, and the programme's targets and funding are updated.
2025-01-14 · Greenland (Denmark) · Strategy / roadmap
Greenland Mineral Resources Strategy 2025–2029
Naalakkersuisut approved a new mineral resources strategy replacing the one that expired at the end of 2024. It has four focus areas: sustainability and society, attractive investment frameworks (including seeking support from mineral-importing countries), critical minerals, and geological mapping and geodata. Initiatives include stronger international partnerships on critical minerals and continued mapping of areas with critical-mineral and rare-earth potential.
2025-01-08 · United States · Incentive / strategy
EXIM Supply Chain Resiliency Initiative (SCRI)
Approved by the EXIM Board on 8 January 2025. It finances critical-mineral and rare-earth projects in trusted partner countries that supply US manufacturers, such as automakers and battery producers, through offtake-linked agreements.
Rare earthsLithiumCobaltNickelGraphite (natural)In the explorer →Source: Export-Import Bank of the United States2024-12-28 · Peru · Trade measure / tariff
Law No. 32213 making MINEM the lead authority for small-scale and artisanal mining and extending formalisation
Makes the Ministry of Energy and Mines the governing authority for small-scale and artisanal mining and creates an interoperable information system (SIPMMA) to trace minerals, explosives and controlled chemicals, to be set up within six months. It moved the end of the formalisation process for REINFO registrants to 30 June 2025, extendable once by up to six months by supreme decree, as a stopgap until a dedicated small-scale mining law is passed. Published 27 December 2024 and in force from the following day.
2024-12-27 · United States · Incentive / strategy
IRA section 45X advanced manufacturing production credit: applicable critical minerals (final regulations)
Final Treasury/IRS regulations under the Inflation Reduction Act. Producers of applicable critical minerals and electrode active materials can claim a credit of 10% of production costs. The date is the regulations' effective date; the statutory credit applies to components sold after 2022.
LithiumCobaltNickelGraphite (natural)ManganeseRare earthsGalliumGermaniumAntimonyTungstenIn the explorer →Source: Internal Revenue Service, U.S. Department of the Treasury (Federal Register)2024-12-26 · Zambia · Trade measure / tariff
Minerals Regulation Commission Act, 2024 (replacing the Mines and Minerals Development Act, 2015)
Creates a Minerals Regulation Commission, requires a permit for every mineral import or export, and lets the government reserve areas for mining rights granted to a state investment company. Royalties are set at 8% of norm value for cobalt and vanadium and on a sliding 4–10% scale for copper depending on the copper price.
2024-12-23 · Guinea · Agreement
Implementation agreement with SPIC (China) for a 1.2 Mt/yr alumina refinery
Under the Sino-Guinean framework agreement, the State and the Chinese company SPIC signed the implementation agreement of the basic convention for building a refinery in Guinea with capacity of 1.2 million tonnes of alumina a year.
2024-12-19 · Finland · Strategy / roadmap
National Mineral Strategy (2024)
Strategy published by the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Employment setting goals for growth and value added in the mineral cluster, responsible operations, skills and research, international cooperation, effective implementation of the EU Critical Raw Materials Act and secure raw-material supply for industry. Proposed measures include smoother permitting, more mapping of bedrock mineral potential and better preparedness for supply-chain disruptions.
2024-12-17 · Sweden · Incentive / strategy
Six county administrative boards designated as permitting contact points under the EU Critical Raw Materials Act
The government tasked the county administrative boards of Västerbotten, Dalarna, Stockholm, Örebro, Västra Götaland and Skåne to act as single points of contact under the EU Critical Raw Materials and Net-Zero Industry regulations. They inform companies about permitting, set timetables and coordinate procedures for critical raw material projects, with SEK 20 million allocated for 2025.
2024-12-10 · Australia · Incentive / strategy
Future Made in Australia Act 2024 (National Interest Framework)
Act No. 119 of 2024 establishes a National Interest Framework with a net-zero transformation stream and an economic resilience and security stream for sector assessments guiding public investment, and requires community benefit principles to be considered for Future Made in Australia support. It bars such support for coal, oil and gas extraction. DISR identifies critical minerals as a priority sector under the economic resilience and security stream.
2024-12-04 · Mali · Incentive / strategy
Decrees on State participation in lithium mining companies (Bougouni, Lithium du Mali) under the 2023 Mining Code
The Council of Ministers adopted decrees setting the terms of State participation in Les Mines de Lithium de Bougouni, Lithium du Mali, Korali Sud and Nampala. Under protocols migrating these companies to the 2023 Mining Code, the State takes 30% and national private investors 5% in the first three, and the State 20% in Nampala. Typed incentive because no other type fits a State-equity measure.
2024-12-03 · China · Ban / restriction
MOFCOM Announcement No. 46 of 2024 strengthening export controls on dual-use items to the United States
Prohibits dual-use exports to US military end users or uses, and states that licences for gallium, germanium, antimony and superhard-material items destined for the United States will in principle not be granted. Graphite dual-use exports to the US are subject to stricter end-user and end-use review.
2024-12-01 · China · Export control
Regulations on Export Control of Dual-use Items (State Council Decree No. 792)
State Council regulations implementing the Export Control Law for dual-use goods, technologies and services, including those listed for strategic minerals. They set single and general licence types, a unified dual-use control list maintained by MOFCOM, end-user/end-use management and provisions covering re-exports of Chinese-origin items by foreign parties.
2024-11-19 · Nigeria · Export control
Value-addition plan requirement for mining lease applicants
The Ministry of Solid Minerals Development announced a policy requiring every mining lease applicant to submit a detailed value-addition plan, prioritising in-country processing and reducing reliance on raw mineral exports. The same announcement listed an Energy Transition Minerals Development Policy and a review of the Nigerian Minerals and Mining Act 2007 as related reforms. Dated by the ministry release (announced at Nigeria Mining Week, 18-20 November 2024).
2024-10-02 · Germany · Incentive / strategy
KfW Raw Materials Fund (Rohstofffonds) on behalf of the Federal Government
KfW set up a raw materials fund on behalf of the federal government to take mainly equity stakes, with federal risk cover, in mining, processing and recycling projects for the EU's critical raw materials. Projects must contribute to long-term supply of these materials, including in processed form, to production in Germany and the EU; individual financing is typically EUR 50-150 million. Date is KfW's launch announcement.
2024-10-01 · Tanzania · Stockpile
Bank of Tanzania Domestic Gold Purchase Program (20% gold allocation)
The central bank began buying gold directly from producers and dealers as part of the 20% gold purchase commitment under section 59 of the Mining Act, which applies to all mineral rights holders and licensed dealers. Sellers get reduced royalty and inspection fees, zero-rated VAT and payment within 24 hours of an assay report.
2024-10-01 · China · Export control
Rare Earth Management Regulations (State Council Decree No. 785)
Regulations declaring rare-earth resources state-owned and limiting mining and smelting/separation to enterprises designated by the industry ministry, under total-quantity controls. They establish a product traceability system and require rare-earth imports and exports to comply with foreign trade and export control laws.
2024-09-27 · United States · Trade measure / tariff
Section 301 tariff increases on Chinese critical minerals, natural graphite and permanent magnets
After the four-year review, Section 301 tariffs on certain Chinese critical minerals rose to 25% for goods entered from 27 September 2024. Natural graphite and permanent magnets rise to 25% in 2026. Classed as export_control because the tracker has no import-measure type.
Graphite (natural)Rare earthsCobaltManganeseTungstenIn the explorer →Source: Office of the United States Trade Representative (Federal Register)2024-09-18 · United Kingdom · Agreement
UK–Indonesia memorandum of understanding on a Strategic Critical Minerals Partnership
Signed on 18 September 2024 (signature date) by a UK FCDO minister and Indonesia's Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources. It provides for policy dialogue, exchange of technical expertise and support for a policy framework promoting ESG practices in Indonesia's critical-mineral sector.
2024-09-16 · Uzbekistan · Agreement
United States–Uzbekistan MoU to strengthen cooperation on critical minerals (2024)
The US Ambassador and Uzbekistan's First Deputy Minister of Geology signed a memorandum of understanding in Tashkent to strengthen bilateral cooperation on critical minerals. It follows up the C5+1 Critical Minerals Dialogue announced in September 2023 and aims to diversify mineral supply chains, encourage private investment in Uzbekistan's mining sector, and promote high environmental, labour and governance standards.
2024-09-15 · China · Export control
MOFCOM/GACC Announcement No. 33 of 2024: export controls on antimony and superhard materials
Places antimony ores, antimony metal and products, high-purity antimony oxides, certain organic antimony compounds, antimony hydrides, indium antimonide and gold-antimony smelting/separation technology under export licensing. Also controls superhard-material equipment such as large cubic presses and MPCVD equipment, diamond window materials and related technology.
2024-08-24 · Burkina Faso · Trade measure / tariff
State acquisition of Endeavour Mining and Lilium Mining assets (Wahgnion, Boungou) and transfer to SOPAMIB
The State acquired by direct share transfer from Endeavour Mining and Lilium Mining the former mining assets of Wahgnion Gold, SEMAFO Boungou, Ressources Ferké, Gryphon Minerals Burkina Faso and Lilium Mining Services. A decree adopted by the Council of Ministers on 11 June 2025 transferred these assets to SOPAMIB under the 2024 Mining Code. Dated by the acquisition date stated by the Government.
2024-08-20 · Dominican Republic · Incentive / strategy
Decree 453-24 creating the state mining company Empresa Minera Dominicana (EMIDOM) for rare earths
Creates EMIDOM, a wholly state-owned company attached to the Ministry of Energy and Mines, to explore and mine the country's strategic mineral resources, mainly rare earths. It will manage state mining fiscal reserves, including the Ávila reserve in Pedernales, carry out feasibility studies and may negotiate contracts and partnerships with foreign companies. A nine-member board is chaired by the Minister of the Presidency. Announced by the Presidency on 20 August 2024.
2024-08-11 · United States · Ban / restriction
Prohibiting Russian Uranium Imports Act
Enacted 13 May 2024. Imports of unirradiated low-enriched uranium produced in Russia or by a Russian entity are banned from 90 days after enactment (11 August 2024). The Secretary of Energy may grant waivers, all of which end no later than 1 January 2028.
2024-07-31 · Burkina Faso · Incentive / strategy
Operationalisation of SOPAMIB (Société de participation minière du Burkina Faso)
The Council of Ministers amended the 2014 decree creating the State mining participation company SOPAMIB, which had never been made operational, and approved its statutes. SOPAMIB's tasks include taking stakes in mining and quarry companies and developing national mining projects. Typed incentive because no other type fits a State mining company.
2024-07-31 · Niger · Trade measure / tariff
Withdrawal of the Madaouela I uranium mining permit (GoviEx)
The Council of Ministers adopted a decree withdrawing the Madaouela I large-scale uranium exploitation permit granted to GoviEx Niger Holdings in 2016, citing failure to start mining after formal notices in January and April 2024. The same session repealed the Imouraren permit and convention decrees.
2024-07-31 · Senegal · Ban / restriction
Decree No. 2024-1502 suspending mining along the Falémé river until 30 June 2027
Suspends all mining operations and the granting of new mining titles around the left (Senegalese) bank of the Falémé river, on the border with Mali, until 30 June 2027, citing protection of the environment, public health and security of the border area. The measure targets dredging and gold panning that pollute the river. Signed 31 July 2024 and published in the Journal officiel (No. 7753) on 5 August 2024.
2024-07-24 · India · Trade measure / tariff
Union Budget 2024-25: basic customs duty exemption on 25 critical minerals
The Finance (No. 2) Bill 2024 proposals cut basic customs duty to nil on a range of critical-mineral ores, concentrates, metals and compounds (including cobalt, lithium compounds, rare-earth metals and compounds, tungsten, tin, molybdenum, antimony, gallium, germanium, indium, niobium, vanadium) and reduced duty to 2.5% on natural and artificial graphite, quartz and silicon dioxide. The changes applied from 24 July 2024.
AntimonyBerylliumBismuthCobaltCopperGalliumGermaniumHafniumIndiumLithiumMolybdenumNiobiumNickelPotashRare earthsRheniumStrontium (celestite)TantalumTelluriumTinTungstenVanadiumZirconium (zircon)SeleniumCadmiumSiliconGraphite (natural)Graphite (synthetic)In the explorer →Source: Ministry of Finance, Government of India (indiabudget.gov.in)2024-07-19 · European Union · Agreement
EU–Serbia strategic partnership on sustainable raw materials, battery value chains and electric vehicles
Memorandum of understanding signed in Belgrade on 19 July 2024 (signature date), within the framework of the Stabilisation and Association Agreement.
2024-07-18 · Burkina Faso · Incentive / strategy
Law No. 016-2024/ALT on the Mining Code of Burkina Faso
New mining code adopted by the Transitional Legislative Assembly. On grant of an industrial mining permit the State receives 15% free, non-dilutable shares with a priority dividend and may subscribe at least a further 30% for itself and/or national private investors. Mining companies must contribute to a national gold reserve, and the State may declare a mineral substance strategic with its own exploitation and marketing rules.
2024-07-16 · Serbia · Incentive / strategy
Reinstatement of the Jadar spatial-plan decree after the Constitutional Court ruling
After the Constitutional Court found the January 2022 revocation decree unconstitutional, the government adopted a new decree restoring the 2020 spatial plan for the Jadar project, published in Official Gazette No. 60/2024. The Ministry of Mining and Energy said this lets the project be developed under legal procedures and does not prejudge the decision on the project itself.
2024-07-08 · Argentina · Incentive / strategy
Large Investment Incentive Regime (RIGI), Law 27.742 Title VII
RIGI took effect on publication, 8 July 2024. It gives tax, customs, foreign-exchange and legal-stability incentives to single-project vehicles investing at least USD 200 million in eligible sectors, including mining, with a 25% income-tax rate. Decree 105/2026 extended the application window by one year from 8 July 2026.
2024-07-05 · United States · Incentive / strategy
IRA section 30D clean vehicle credit: critical minerals requirement and foreign-entity-of-concern exclusion (final regulations)
For full credit, a rising share of battery critical-mineral value must be extracted or processed in the US or a free-trade-agreement partner, or recycled in North America. Vehicles placed in service after 31 December 2024 are excluded if any battery critical minerals were extracted, processed or recycled by a foreign entity of concern. The date is the final rule's effective date.
LithiumCobaltNickelGraphite (natural)ManganeseIn the explorer →Source: Internal Revenue Service, U.S. Department of the Treasury (Federal Register)2024-07-01 · Sweden · Incentive / strategy
Amendment to the Minerals Act (SFS 2024:325): Natura 2000 permit no longer a precondition for an exploitation concession
Following government bill 2023/24:126, the Riksdag amended the Minerals Act (1991:45) so that a Natura 2000 permit, where needed, is no longer required before an exploitation concession can be granted; it is instead assessed together with the environmental permit. The amendment also clarifies that the environmental impact statement for a concession only needs the scope and detail required for that decision. The government presented it as part of streamlining mine permitting.
2024-06-27 · South Korea · Incentive / strategy
Framework Act on Supply Chain Stabilization for Economic Security takes effect; first Supply Chain Stabilization Committee
The Framework Act on supporting supply-chain stabilisation for economic security entered into force, establishing a government-wide Supply Chain Stabilization Committee chaired by the Deputy Prime Minister for the Economy. At its first meeting the committee expanded economic-security items from about 200 to about 300, planned a KRW 5 trillion supply-chain fund for leading firms in 2024, more public stockpiling, and easier conditions for the overseas-resource acquisition tax credit to support mineral sourcing.
Graphite (natural)Graphite (synthetic)In the explorer →Source: Ministry of Economy and Finance et al. (joint release), via korea.kr2024-06-26 · Italy · Incentive / strategy
Decree-Law No. 84 of 25 June 2024 on critical raw materials of strategic interest
Implements the EU Critical Raw Materials Act nationally. It sets up a single contact point and fast-track permitting for strategic projects, and a technical committee for critical and strategic raw materials at the industry ministry. It also mandates a national exploration programme by ISPRA, a register of strategic companies and value chains, and opens the National Made in Italy Fund to extraction and processing. Converted with amendments by Law No. 115 of 8 August 2024.
2024-06-24 · Niger · Trade measure / tariff
Withdrawal of the Imouraren uranium mining permit (Imouraren SA / Orano)
The Government withdrew the large-scale uranium exploitation permit held since 2009 by Imouraren SA, citing failure to start production despite extensions and formal notices, under Arts 59 and 61 of the 1993 mining ordinance; the perimeter returned to the State's public domain. On 31 July 2024 the Council of Ministers formally repealed the permit decree and the related mining convention.
2024-06-06 · Guinea · Agreement
Term sheet between the State and Guinea Alumina Corporation (GAC) on an alumina refinery
The State and GAC signed a preliminary agreement on GAC's long-stalled alumina refinery project (stated cost USD 4 billion, about 1 million tonnes of alumina a year), with the State moving from no stake to at least 15% of GAC. Representatives of GAC's partners EGA and Mubadala attended and committed to build the refinery.
2024-06-01 · Indonesia · Export control
Permen ESDM No. 6/2024 on completion of domestic metal-mineral refineries (export window extended to 31 Dec 2024)
Replaces Permen 7/2023 for copper, iron, lead and zinc permit holders whose refineries entered commissioning by 31 May 2024. They may export limited quantities of processed products, and copper anode slime, until 31 December 2024, subject to export duty and minimum processing thresholds.
CopperIron oreLeadZincIn the explorer →Source: Kementerian Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral (JDIH ESDM)2024-05-28 · Australia · Agreement
EU–Australia Memorandum of Understanding on a Strategic Partnership on Sustainable Critical and Strategic Minerals
MoU establishing an EU–Australia partnership to build secure and sustainable critical and strategic minerals value chains, including joint project development, investment facilitation, ESG cooperation and research. The sides planned a roadmap within six months of signature. A follow-on European Investment Bank–Australia declaration of intent on critical minerals investment was signed on 18 November 2025.
2024-05-23 · European Union · Incentive / strategy
Critical Raw Materials Act (Regulation (EU) 2024/1252)
The regulation sets 2030 benchmarks for strategic raw materials: domestic extraction of at least 10%, processing of at least 40% and recycling of at least 25% of annual EU consumption, and no more than 65% from any single third country. It also shortens permitting for designated strategic projects. Entered into force on 23 May 2024 (date as stated by the Commission).
LithiumCobaltNickelGraphite (natural)ManganeseRare earthsGalliumGermaniumTungstenCopperPlatinum-group metalsSource: European Commission, DG GROW2024-04-13 · United States · Trade measure / tariff
US import ban on Russian-origin aluminium, copper and nickel and limits on metal-exchange services
Under E.O. 14068, imports of Russian aluminium, copper and nickel produced on or after 13 April 2024 are prohibited. Under E.O. 14071, providing warranting services on global metal exchanges and certain OTC derivatives services for these metals is restricted. The action was coordinated with the United Kingdom.
2024-04-12 · United Kingdom · Trade measure / tariff
UK action extending Russian metals ban to the LME and CME
Announced 12 April 2024 jointly with the US. Building on the existing UK import ban, the LME and CME may no longer trade newly produced Russian aluminium, copper and nickel.
2024-04-05 · Uzbekistan · Agreement
EU–Uzbekistan MoU on a strategic partnership on critical raw materials
The EU and Uzbekistan signed a memorandum of understanding launching a strategic partnership on critical raw materials, signed in Leuven by Commission Executive Vice-President Dombrovskis and Uzbekistan's Minister of Investment, Industry and Trade. It covers integration of sustainable value chains, supply-chain resilience, mobilisation of project and infrastructure funding, responsible production and sourcing, research and innovation, and capacity building.
2024-04-05 · European Union · Agreement
EU–Uzbekistan strategic partnership on critical raw materials
Memorandum of understanding signed on 5 April 2024 (signature date). It covers integrating sustainable critical-raw-material value chains and related cooperation.
2024-03-21 · European Union · Agreement
EU–Norway strategic partnership on sustainable land-based raw materials and battery value chains
Memorandum of understanding signed on 21 March 2024 (signature date), under the EU–Norway Green Alliance.
LithiumCobaltNickelGraphite (natural)ManganeseRare earthsIn the explorer →Source: European Commission2024-02-19 · European Union · Agreement
EU–Rwanda memorandum of understanding on sustainable raw materials value chains
Signed on 19 February 2024 (signature date). It covers five areas: value-chain integration, due diligence and traceability (including action against illegal trafficking), infrastructure funding, research and innovation, and capacity building.
2024-01-15 · India · Agreement
KABIL–CAMYEN (Catamarca, Argentina) lithium exploration and development agreement
Khanij Bidesh India Ltd (KABIL), a joint venture of three central public sector mining companies, signed an agreement with the Catamarca provincial state enterprise CAMYEN SE giving it exploration and exclusivity rights over five lithium brine blocks of about 15,703 hectares, with exploitation rights following discovery. The project cost was put at about Rs 200 crore.
2024-01-09 · Norway · Strategy / roadmap
Storting approval to open an area of the Norwegian continental shelf for seabed mineral activity
The Storting endorsed the government white paper Meld. St. 25 (2022–2023) on opening part of the Norwegian continental shelf for mineral activity and on a resource-management strategy (committee recommendation Innst. 162 S). It also asked the government to make national security a criterion when awarding licences and to bring the first extraction plans to the Storting before approval. The opening allows exploration licensing first, with any extraction subject to later approval.
2024-01-01 · Czechia · Incentive / strategy
Act No. 465/2023 Coll. amending the Mining Act: critical minerals and deposits of strategic importance
Part of a wider infrastructure-acceleration act. The Mining Act amendments declare exploration and mining of reserved deposits to be in the public interest and create the category of deposits of strategic importance, meaning critical-mineral deposits vital to raw-material or energy security, to be designated by government regulation. They also set accelerated, deadline-bound procedures for mining areas for critical minerals and strategic deposits.
2024-01-01 · Türkiye · Incentive / strategy
Twelfth Development Plan (2024–2028): strategic and critical minerals measures
The plan commits to a national critical raw materials strategy, legal arrangements on strategic reserves, stocks and export restrictions for strategic and critical minerals, and promotion of higher value-added boron products. It also targets large-scale rare-earth and lithium production and supply cooperation with resource-rich countries for nickel, lithium, cobalt and rare earths.
BoronRare earthsLithiumNickelCobaltIn the explorer →Source: T.C. Cumhurbaşkanlığı Strateji ve Bütçe Başkanlığı2023-12-21 · China · Ban / restriction
Catalogue of Technologies Prohibited and Restricted from Export, 2023 revision (rare-earth processing and magnet technologies prohibited)
MOFCOM and MOST issued a revised catalogue (Announcement No. 57 of 2023) reducing it to 134 items. Its prohibited part lists rare-earth extraction/separation processes, production of rare-earth metals and alloys, and preparation of samarium-cobalt, NdFeB and cerium magnets; its restricted part covers rare-earth mining, beneficiation and smelting technologies and extractant synthesis.
2023-12-01 · China · Export control
MOFCOM/GACC Announcement No. 39 of 2023 adjusting temporary export controls on graphite items
Natural flake graphite and its products (including spherical and expandable graphite) and high-purity, high-strength, high-density synthetic graphite may not be exported without a licence. Other graphite items listed in a 2006 notice were released from temporary controls.
2023-11-30 · Colombia · Trade measure / tariff
ANM Resolution 1006 of 2023 listing 17 groups of minerals of strategic interest
The National Mining Agency named 17 mineral groups of strategic interest: copper, nickel, zinc, platinum-group metals, iron, manganese, metallurgical coal, phosphates, magnesium minerals, bauxite and other aluminium minerals, gold, emeralds, sand, gravel and clay for construction, silica sand and silicon, limestone, gypsum and chromium. The list lets the agency reserve special areas for these minerals and allocate them by competitive selection. It replaced the Ministry of Mines' 2012 list (Resolution 18 0102) and is to be reviewed at least every three years. Signed 30 November 2023 and in force on publication.
CopperNickelZincPlatinum-group metalsIron oreManganesePhosphate rockMagnesiteBauxiteGoldSand and gravel (industrial)SiliconGypsumChromiumIn the explorer →Source: Agencia Nacional de Minería (ANM), Colombia2023-11-30 · European Union · Agreement
EU–Greenland strategic partnership on sustainable raw materials value chains
Memorandum of understanding signed on 30 November 2023 (signature date). It covers five areas, including value-chain integration and ESG standards. The Commission notes that 25 of the 34 EU critical raw materials are found in Greenland.
2023-10-28 · United Kingdom · Agreement
UK–Japan Critical Minerals Memorandum of Cooperation
Signed on 28 October 2023 (signature date) by the UK Business and Trade Secretary and Japan's Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry at the G7 trade ministers' meeting in Osaka. It sets a framework for cooperation on research and innovation, data and traceability, industry partnerships, infrastructure in third countries, support for producer countries and ESG and technical standards.
2023-10-26 · European Union · Agreement
EU–DRC memorandum of understanding on critical and strategic raw materials value chains
Signed on 26 October 2023 (signature date) by the Commissioner for International Partnerships and the DRC Minister of Mines, at the Global Gateway Forum in Brussels.
2023-10-26 · European Union · Agreement
EU–Zambia strategic partnership on sustainable raw materials value chains
Signed on 26 October 2023 (signature date) by the Commissioner for International Partnerships and Zambia's Minister of Finance, at the Global Gateway Forum in Brussels.
2023-10-26 · Multilateral (EU, US, DRC, Zambia, Angola, AfDB, AFC) · Agreement
Lobito Corridor memorandum of understanding
The EU, the United States, the DRC, Zambia, Angola, the African Development Bank and the Africa Finance Corporation signed the MoU on 26 October 2023 (signature date). It supports developing a transport corridor linking southern DRC and north-western Zambia to global markets through the Port of Lobito in Angola.
2023-10-19 · Ghana · Agreement
Ewoyaa lithium mining lease (first lithium lease, Atlantic Lithium / Barari DV)
Ghana's first lithium mining lease, signed by the Minister of Lands and Natural Resources and Atlantic Lithium under the Green Minerals Policy. Reported terms include a 13% free carried state interest plus a further 6% local and 3.06% holding-company stake, a royalty raised from the standard 5% to 10%, a requirement to process the mineral locally and a 1% community development levy. A renegotiated lease was laid before Parliament in November 2025 and was reported ratified in April 2026.
2023-08-29 · Mali · Export control
Law No. 2023-040 of 29 August 2023 on the Mining Code
New mining code replacing the 2019 code. Holders of mining titles must refine or process their products in State-owned units in Mali (or other Malian refineries if authorised); the State receives at least 10% free, non-dilutable equity, may buy a further 20%, and 5% must be offered to national investors. It also defines strategic substances and lets the State suspend title awards in zones of strategic interest.
2023-08-17 · India · Incentive / strategy
MMDR Amendment Act 2023: Part D critical & strategic minerals and exclusive central-government auction powers
The 2023 amendment to the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act created a list of 24 critical and strategic minerals in Part D of the First Schedule and inserted Section 11D, empowering the Central Government to exclusively auction mining leases and composite licences for these minerals, with revenues accruing to state governments. It also moved six minerals (including lithium, beryllium, niobium, tantalum, titanium and zirconium) out of the atomic-minerals list into the critical list.
LithiumCobaltNickelGraphite (natural)Rare earthsBerylliumNiobiumTantalumZirconium (zircon)TinPhosphate rockPotashIn the explorer →Source: Press Information Bureau, Government of India (Ministry of Heavy Industries, citing Ministry of Mines)2023-08-17 · India · Incentive / strategy
MMDR Amendment Act 2023: exploration licence regime for deep-seated and critical minerals
The same 2023 amendment introduced a new exploration licence for 29 deep-seated and critical minerals listed in a new Seventh Schedule, intended to attract junior mining companies and foreign investment into exploration. An order of 21 October 2024 under Section 20A empowered the Ministry of Mines to auction exploration-licence blocks.
Rare earthsPlatinum-group metalsLithiumCobaltNickelGraphite (natural)In the explorer →Source: Press Information Bureau, Government of India2023-08-11 · Zambia · Agreement
Japan–Zambia Joint Statement on Cooperation in the Mining Sector
Japan's trade minister and Zambia's mines minister agreed four principles: securing critical minerals while reducing concentration risks, building responsible and market-based supply chains, developing joint projects step by step, and cooperating on skills and infrastructure. JOGMEC signed an updated exploration MoU with the Zambian ministry at the same time, with proposals on nickel, cobalt and copper exploration.
2023-08-09 · India · Ban / restriction
MMDR Act First Schedule Part B (atomic minerals) as substituted by the MMDR Amendment Act 2023
The 2023 amendment replaced Part B ("Atomic minerals"). It still includes rare-earth-group minerals containing uranium and thorium, "uraniferous allanite, monazite and other thorium minerals", and beach-sand minerals including monazite, while six minerals such as lithium and beryllium moved to a new Part D. Atomic-mineral concessions stay under a separate, more restrictive regime; for example, the new exploration-licence route (section 10BA) does not apply to Part B minerals at or above notified grade thresholds.
2023-08-08 · Namibia · Agreement
Japan–Namibia Joint Statement on Cooperation in the Mining Sector
Japan's trade minister and Namibia's Minister of Mines and Energy signed a joint statement setting principles for critical-mineral cooperation, including diversified and responsible supply chains and step-by-step joint projects. Building on it, JOGMEC and the Namibian ministry agreed to work together on a Namibia Rare Earth Industry Master Plan.
2023-08-03 · United Kingdom · Agreement
UK–Zambia memorandum of understanding on critical minerals
Signed on 3 August 2023 (signature date) during the Foreign Secretary's visit to Zambia, alongside targets under the UK–Zambia Green Growth Compact. The targets are up to £2.5 billion of UK private investment and up to £500 million of UK government-backed investment.
2023-08-01 · China · Export control
MOFCOM/GACC Announcement No. 23 of 2023 on export controls for gallium- and germanium-related items
Exports of listed gallium items (e.g. metal, nitride, oxide, arsenide) and germanium items (e.g. metal, zone-refined ingots, dioxide, tetrachloride) require a dual-use export licence from the Ministry of Commerce. Applicants must submit contracts, technical descriptions and end-user/end-use certificates.
2023-07-27 · Madagascar · Trade measure / tariff
Revised Mining Code (Law No. 2023-007)
The new code raises the special mining duties and taxes on exported mine products to a combined 5% (3% royalty to the state, 2% rebate to local authorities), with a 30% reduction where the minerals are processed locally. It also creates a category of strategic mining substances whose list is set by regulation, and lets the state require part of their output to be sold to domestic industry.
2023-07-27 · Ghana · Strategy / roadmap
Green Minerals Policy (Cabinet approval, July 2023)
Cabinet-approved policy for lithium and other green minerals, following a policy statement presented to Parliament on 13 July 2022. Its features include a higher royalty rate, a minimum 30% Ghanaian participation in green-mineral operations, stronger local content including listing on the Ghana Stock Exchange, and value addition and beneficiation in country. Dated by the Cabinet approval date reported by the Minister.
2023-07-18 · Vietnam · Strategy / roadmap
Prime Minister Decision 866/QD-TTg approving the mineral exploration, mining, processing and use plan 2021-2030 (vision 2050)
National minerals master plan that links new mining licences for large or strategic minerals to processing investment. Bauxite mining must be processed at least to alumina, and new rare-earth mining must come with processing to at least 95% total rare-earth oxides, with separated oxides encouraged. It also calls for balancing exports and imports, prioritising domestic use.
Rare earthsBauxiteAluminaTitanium (ilmenite)ChromiumNickelCopperIn the explorer →Source: Cổng Thông tin điện tử Chính phủ (Government of Viet Nam legal documents portal)2023-07-18 · European Union · Agreement
EU–Chile memorandum of understanding on sustainable raw materials value chains
Signed on 18 July 2023 (signature date), creating an EU–Chile partnership on raw-materials value chains. The Commission lists it among its strategic raw-materials partnerships.
2023-06-27 · Mongolia · Agreement
United States-Mongolia Memorandum of Understanding on mineral resource sector development and governance
Bilateral MoU on cooperation in developing and governing Mongolia's mineral resource sector, cited in the US-Mongolia Strategic Third Neighbor Partnership joint statement. In that statement both sides recognise the importance of critical minerals to global supply chains and also refer to a June 2023 US-Mongolia-Republic of Korea trilateral dialogue on Mongolia's mining sector.
2023-06-21 · Norway · Strategy / roadmap
Norwegian Government mineral strategy (2023)
Strategy from the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Fisheries with five focus areas: faster mineral projects, a circular industry, stronger sustainability, mobilising private capital and international partnerships. Measures include completing geophysical mapping and stepping up mapping of critical raw materials, fast-track and one-stop-shop permitting, a national coordinating authority for critical and strategic mineral projects, and considering a state-owned mineral company or fund.
2023-06-20 · Australia · Strategy / roadmap
Critical Minerals Strategy 2023–2030
National strategy from the Department of Industry, Science and Resources setting out the government's plan to grow Australia's critical minerals sector. It targets diversified international supply chains, sovereign processing capability and greater onshore value-adding, organised around six focus areas including strategic projects, investment and partnerships, First Nations benefit sharing, ESG, infrastructure and workforce.
2023-06-13 · European Union · Agreement
EU–Argentina memorandum of understanding on sustainable raw materials value chains
The memorandum of understanding was signed on 13 June 2023 (signature date). It sets up a partnership on sustainable raw-materials value chains.
2023-06-11 · Indonesia · Export control
Permen ESDM No. 7/2023 on continuation of domestic metal-mineral refinery construction (processed-concentrate export window to 31 May 2024)
Ministerial regulation allowing holders of production-stage permits for copper, iron, lead and zinc that are building refineries (at least 50% progress by 31 Jan 2023) to export limited quantities of processed products and anode slime until 31 May 2024, with export recommendations and duty. Issued as the Law 3/2020 three-year window closed in June 2023.
CopperIron oreLeadZincIn the explorer →Source: Kementerian Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral (JDIH ESDM)2023-06-06 · Namibia · Ban / restriction
Cabinet ban on exports of unprocessed lithium ore and other critical minerals
On a submission by the Minister of Mines and Energy, Cabinet prohibited the export of certain critical minerals in unprocessed form, namely crushed lithium ore, cobalt, manganese, graphite and rare earth elements. Small quantities may still be exported at the Minister's discretion.
LithiumCobaltManganeseGraphite (natural)Rare earthsIn the explorer →Source: Namibian Broadcasting Corporation (NBC, state broadcaster)2023-06-01 · Finland · Incentive / strategy
Mining Act amendment (505/2023)
Amends the Mining Act (621/2011). Exploration, gold-panning and mining permits may not be granted if the activity is judged to endanger national defence, security of supply, critical infrastructure or comparable national-security interests, and such cases are decided by the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Employment. It also introduces a per-hectare reservation fee for exploration reservations and strengthens local and environmental safeguards.
2023-05-19 · Colombia · Incentive / strategy
National Development Plan 2022-2026 (Law 2294 of 2023), Article 229: strategic mining reserve areas for the energy transition
Tells the Ministry of Mines and Energy and the Colombian Geological Survey to draw up a National Geoscience Knowledge Plan that includes prospecting for minerals needed for the energy transition, industry, food security and public infrastructure. Under it the mining authority may delimit strategic mining reserve areas with high potential for these minerals and grant them to small and medium miners organised in associations. Law 2294 was published in the Diario Oficial on 19 May 2023.
2023-05-12 · Sierra Leone · Incentive / strategy
Mines and Minerals Development Act, 2022 (Act No. 16 of 2023)
Repeals and replaces the Mines and Minerals Act 2009. The Minister may, on Agency recommendation and Cabinet approval, declare a mineral strategic, and strategic-mineral licences are awarded only by public tender. For large-scale mining licences the State acquires a 10% non-dilutable free carried interest and up to 35% on agreed terms; holders pay at least 1% of gross revenue into a community development fund.
2023-05-11 · France · Incentive / strategy
France 2030 critical minerals and metals investment fund (managed by InfraVia)
The government announced an investment fund for critical minerals and metals, managed by InfraVia, which takes minority stakes in extraction, processing and recycling projects in France, Europe and abroad in exchange for offtake that benefits French and European industry. The State commits EUR 500 million through France 2030, with Caisse des Dépôts as operator, and the fund targets EUR 2 billion in total.
2023-05-08 · Zimbabwe · Export control
Lithium export permit conditions and processing-plant requirements (SI 57 of 2023)
Amends the 2023 ore-export order to define beneficiated lithium concentrate (at least 3% lithia for spodumene, 2.5% for petalite and lepidolite). Concentrate export permits require compliance with schedule conditions and a price no lower than that set by the Minerals Marketing Corporation of Zimbabwe; unbeneficiated lithium may be exported only by wholly Zimbabwean-owned exporters building a processing plant, with presidential concurrence.
2023-04-20 · Chile · Strategy / roadmap
National Lithium Strategy (Estrategia Nacional del Litio)
Announced by the President in a national broadcast on 20 April 2023 and launched in Antofagasta on 21 April 2023. The State will take part in the whole lithium production cycle. Plans include a bill to create a National Lithium Company, a public lithium and salt-flats research institute, and State entry into Salar de Atacama production through Codelco from 2024.
2023-03-28 · Japan · Agreement
Japan–US Agreement on Strengthening Critical Minerals Supply Chains
Japan and the United States signed an agreement covering cobalt, graphite, lithium, manganese and nickel, under which both sides commit not to impose export duties on these minerals, to address non-market policies, share best practices on investment screening, promote resource-efficient approaches and cooperate on labour rights in the supply chain. It entered into force on signature.
CobaltGraphite (natural)LithiumManganeseNickelIn the explorer →Source: Office of the United States Trade Representative2023-03-28 · United States · Agreement
US–Japan Agreement on Strengthening Critical Minerals Supply Chains
Signed on 28 March 2023 (signature date) by the US Trade Representative and Japan's Ambassador. Builds on the 2019 US–Japan Trade Agreement, with commitments on trade, labour and environmental standards in critical minerals for EV batteries.
LithiumCobaltNickelGraphite (natural)ManganeseIn the explorer →Source: Office of the United States Trade Representative2023-03-13 · United Kingdom · Strategy / roadmap
Critical Minerals Refresh (2023)
Published 13 March 2023. It updates delivery of the 2022 strategy and sets up an independent Task and Finish Group on industry resilience. It also expands international partnerships (including Canada, South Africa and the MSP) and launches the CLIMATES circular critical materials fund with an initial £15 million.
LithiumCobaltRare earthsGraphite (natural)In the explorer →Source: Department for Business and Trade (GOV.UK)2023-03-06 · United Kingdom · Agreement
UK–Canada critical minerals partnership
Launched on 6 March 2023 (signature date) by the UK Business and Trade Minister and Canada's Minister of Natural Resources. It covers critical-minerals research and development cooperation and supply-chain resilience, for minerals such as cobalt and lithium.
2023-02-27 · South Korea · Stockpile
Critical Minerals Securing Strategy (핵심광물 확보전략): 33 critical and 10 strategic minerals, 100-day stockpile target
MOTIE designated 33 critical minerals and 10 priority strategic ones (lithium, nickel, cobalt, manganese, graphite and five rare earths) and set goals of cutting dependence on any single country to around 50% and raising recycling to around 20% by 2030. Measures include raising public stockpiles from 54 to 100 days of supply with a rapid-release mechanism, an early-warning system, reinstating an overseas-resource investment tax credit, expanded public financing and recycling support.
LithiumNickelCobaltManganeseGraphite (natural)Rare earthsIn the explorer →Source: Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy (MOTIE), via korea.kr2023-02-18 · Mexico · Ban / restriction
Li-MX 1 lithium mining reserve zone (Sonora)
In force on publication, 18 February 2023. It declares a lithium mining reserve of 234,855.198 ha in seven Sonora municipalities (Arivechi, Bacadéhuachi, Huásabas, Divisadero, Granados, Sahuaripa and Nácori Chico). Rights of existing concession holders are preserved.
2023-01-06 · Zimbabwe · Ban / restriction
Ban on exports of unbeneficiated base mineral ores (SI 5 of 2023)
Issued under the Base Minerals Export Control Act with immediate effect, the order bars the export of any base mineral ore not processed in Zimbabwe, except under a ministerial permit where the ore cannot be beneficiated locally or for assay samples. It replaced the 2022 order that covered only lithium-bearing ores.
2023-01-01 · Armenia · Trade measure / tariff
Two-part mining royalty replacing the export duty on copper and molybdenum concentrates (from 1 January 2023)
The government decided to stop charging the state duty on exports of copper and molybdenum concentrates and molybdenum from 1 January 2023 and to add a profit-based component to the royalty instead. An extra royalty of 15% applies when a company's profitability exceeds 10%, so firms at or below 10% profitability pay no more than under the pre-duty royalty. Announced at the Cabinet meeting of 5 May 2022.
2022-12-23 · Japan · Incentive / strategy
Designation of critical minerals as a Specified Critical Product under the Economic Security Promotion Act (Cabinet Order No. 394 of 2022)
A Cabinet Order under Article 7 of the Economic Security Promotion Act designated eleven specified critical products, including metallic mineral products (critical minerals) and permanent magnets, making supply-assurance plans for them eligible for government grants, low-interest loans and other support. METI's Minerals Division administers the mineral item, with JOGMEC as the funding body.
ManganeseNickelChromiumTungstenMolybdenumCobaltNiobiumTantalumAntimonyLithiumBoronTitanium spongeVanadiumStrontium (celestite)Rare earthsPlatinum-group metalsBerylliumGalliumGermaniumSeleniumZirconium (zircon)IndiumTelluriumBariteHafniumRheniumBismuthGraphite (natural)FluorsparMagnesium metalSiliconPhosphate rockIn the explorer →Source: Cabinet Office / e-Gov Law Search (Digital Agency), Government of Japan2022-12-16 · Zimbabwe · Ban / restriction
Ban on exports of lithium-bearing ores and unbeneficiated lithium (SI 213 of 2022)
Issued under the Base Minerals Export Control Act with immediate effect (gazetted 16 December 2022). Lithium-bearing ores and unbeneficiated lithium may not be exported without the Minister's written permit. Permits are limited to assay samples or exceptional cases where the material has been valued for export tax.
2022-12-13 · Multilateral (United States, DRC, Zambia) · Agreement
US–DRC–Zambia memorandum of understanding on an electric vehicle battery value chain
Non-binding MoU in which the United States offers support, including possible technical assistance, for a cross-border EV battery value chain in the DRC and Zambia running from extraction through processing, manufacturing and assembly. It aims to raise awareness of investment and co-financing opportunities.
2022-12-09 · Netherlands · Strategy / roadmap
National Raw Materials Strategy (Nationale Grondstoffenstrategie)
Strategy agreed by the cabinet to improve medium-term security of supply of critical raw materials and semi-finished products for Dutch and European industry, for uses such as batteries, semiconductors, medical devices and solar panels. It aims to build Dutch refining, processing and logistics roles, promote circularity and less scarce alternatives, and reduce impacts on people and the environment, in an EU framework.
2022-12-07 · Ireland · Strategy / roadmap
Policy Statement on Mineral Exploration and Mining – Critical Raw Materials for the Circular Economy Transition
Government policy statement on mineral exploration and mining, framed around supplying the raw materials needed for net zero and the circular economy. It aims for a stable, robust and transparent regulatory framework for environmentally sustainable exploration and mining, and for the sector to contribute as much as possible to society and the economy. It followed a public consultation and work by an advisory group.
2022-11-29 · France · Strategy / roadmap
Creation of OFREMI, the French observatory of mineral resources for industrial value chains
Following the 2022 Varin report on securing mineral raw material supplies, BRGM, CEA, IFPEN, ADEME, IFRI and CNAM formally created OFREMI with support from the mining and metallurgy sector committee. It acts as an economic-intelligence unit monitoring critical-metal value chains for government and industry. Date is the official creation date given by the ministry.
2022-11-14 · Japan · Incentive / strategy
JOGMEC Act amendment (Act No. 46 of 2022): equity and guarantee support extended to domestic ore processing and smelting/refining
An amendment to the JOGMEC Act, in force from 14 November 2022, renamed the agency the Japan Organization for Metals and Energy Security and widened its mandate. For metals, JOGMEC's equity investment and debt-guarantee functions, previously limited to overseas and offshore projects, were extended to ore dressing and smelting/refining of metallic minerals in Japan.
2022-11-10 · Australia · Incentive / strategy
Australia-India Critical Minerals Investment Partnership Program (prescribed under the Industry Research and Development Act 1986)
Ministerial instrument prescribing a Commonwealth spending program to promote the Australia–India relationship through investment in critical minerals. It funds third-party advisers for project selection and due diligence on critical minerals projects and supports related Commonwealth investment arrangements.
2022-11-08 · European Union · Agreement
EU–Namibia strategic partnership on sustainable raw materials value chains and renewable hydrogen
The Commission President and Namibia's President signed the memorandum of understanding on 8 November 2022 (signature date), at the margins of COP27.
2022-11-07 · Kazakhstan · Agreement
EU–Kazakhstan MoU on a strategic partnership on sustainable raw materials, batteries and renewable hydrogen value chains
The European Commission and the Government of Kazakhstan signed a memorandum of understanding establishing a strategic partnership on raw materials, batteries and renewable hydrogen, signed by the Commission President and Kazakhstan's Prime Minister on the margins of COP27. It covers closer economic and industrial integration of the value chains through joint projects and ESG alignment, supply-chain resilience and investment transparency, and cooperation on skills, research and innovation for sustainable mining.
2022-11-07 · European Union · Agreement
EU–Kazakhstan strategic partnership on raw materials, batteries and renewable hydrogen
The Commission President and Kazakhstan's Prime Minister signed the memorandum of understanding on 7 November 2022 (signature date), at the margins of COP27. The Commission described it as its third raw-materials strategic partnership.
2022-11-02 · Canada · Trade measure / tariff
Divestiture orders against three foreign investors in Canadian lithium companies
On 2 November 2022, Canada ordered three foreign companies to divest their holdings in Canadian critical-minerals companies: Sinomine (Hong Kong) Rare Metals Resources from Power Metals Corp., Chengze Lithium International from Lithium Chile Inc., and Zangge Mining Investment (Chengdu) from Ultra Lithium Inc. The orders were made under the Investment Canada Act national-security review.
2022-10-28 · Canada · Export control
Investment Canada Act policy on state-owned enterprise investments in critical minerals
Announced 28 October 2022. Foreign SOE acquisitions of control in Canadian critical-minerals businesses will be approved only on an exceptional basis. SOE participation in any critical-minerals investment, of any size, supports a finding of possible national-security injury. Classed as export_control as the closest type for an investment restriction.
LithiumCobaltNickelGraphite (natural)Rare earthsCopperIn the explorer →Source: Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada2022-08-30 · Spain · Strategy / roadmap
Roadmap for the sustainable management of mineral raw materials (Hoja de Ruta)
Approved by the Council of Ministers at the ecological transition ministry's request to strengthen strategic autonomy and security of supply for raw materials needed in the energy and digital transitions. It prioritises efficiency and the circular economy and contains 46 regulatory, sectoral, R&D and cross-cutting measures, aligned with REPowerEU and the National Security Strategy.
2022-08-24 · Mexico · Incentive / strategy
Creation of the state lithium company Litio para México (LitioMx)
The decree was published 23 August 2022 and took effect the next day. It creates the decentralised public body LitioMx, which carries out the State's exclusive role in lithium exploration, exploitation and value chains under the 2022 Mining Law reform.
2022-07-27 · Nigeria · Export control
Federal Executive Council approval of the Nigerian Mineral Value Chain Regulations (beneficiation policy)
The Federal Executive Council approved a memo titled Nigerian Mineral Value Chain Regulations 2021, under which raw ores are no longer to be exported without beneficiation. It aims to promote domestic mineral processing plants and linkages along the mineral value chain. Dated by the FEC meeting at which approval was announced.
2022-07-22 · United Kingdom · Strategy / roadmap
Resilience for the Future: UK Critical Minerals Strategy (2022)
The UK's first critical minerals strategy, published 22 July 2022, aimed at improving security of supply. GOV.UK records that it was withdrawn on 24 November 2025 and replaced by Vision 2035.
LithiumCobaltRare earthsGraphite (natural)TungstenTinIn the explorer →Source: Department for Business and Trade / BEIS (GOV.UK)2022-06-14 · United States · Agreement
Minerals Security Partnership (MSP)
A US-led partnership, launched in June 2022, to channel public and private investment into responsible critical-minerals supply chains. The page lists 14 countries plus the EU as partners. The date is the 14 June 2022 launch shown on the State Department page.
LithiumCobaltNickelGraphite (natural)ManganeseRare earthsCopperIn the explorer →Source: U.S. Department of State (archived 2021–2025 site)2022-04-21 · Mexico · Ban / restriction
Mining Law reform nationalising lithium
Published 20 April 2022, in force 21 April 2022. Lithium is declared of public utility and national patrimony; no concessions, licences, contracts or permits may be granted for it. Exploration, exploitation and value chains are reserved to the State through a decentralised public body.
2022-04-08 · Guinea · Export control
Presidential demand that bauxite miners with refinery commitments submit implementation plans
The head of State convened mining companies whose conventions include alumina-refinery construction and required them to submit plans for implementing those commitments, as part of a policy of processing bauxite in Guinea. This is a presidential directive reported by the Presidency, not a published decree; later refinery agreements (GAC term sheet, SPIC) are presented as following from it.
2022-04-07 · Canada · Incentive / strategy
Critical Mineral Exploration Tax Credit (CMETC)
A 30% tax credit for specified mineral exploration expenses in Canada that target listed critical minerals and are renounced under flow-through share agreements. These agreements must be made after Budget Day 2022 and on or before 31 March 2027. Eligible minerals include nickel, lithium, cobalt, graphite, copper, rare earths, vanadium, tellurium, gallium, scandium, titanium, magnesium, zinc, PGMs and uranium.
NickelLithiumCobaltGraphite (natural)CopperRare earthsVanadiumTelluriumGalliumZincPlatinum-group metalsUraniumIn the explorer →Source: Department of Finance Canada2022-03-31 · United States · Incentive / strategy
Defense Production Act Title III determination for large-capacity battery materials
Signed 31 March 2022. The determination authorised DPA Title III support (the programme behind later DoD awards) for domestic mining, processing and recycling of strategic and critical materials for large-capacity batteries, such as lithium, nickel, cobalt, graphite and manganese.
2022-03-30 · Poland · Strategy / roadmap
State Raw Materials Policy (Polityka Surowcowa Państwa), Council of Ministers Resolution No. 39 of 1 March 2022
Long-term policy to 2050 to secure the Polish economy's access to the mineral raw materials it needs, both domestic and imported. Its annexes include a list of raw materials considered strategic and critical for the Polish and EU economies. The resolution took effect the day after its publication in Monitor Polski on 29 March 2022.
2022-03-10 · India · Agreement
KABIL – Australia Critical Minerals Office MoU on joint due diligence and investment in lithium and cobalt assets
KABIL and Australia's Critical Minerals Office (Department of Industry, Science and Resources) signed an MoU with a collaborative framework for joint due diligence and possible joint investment in Australian lithium and cobalt assets. Follow-up steps included a market scan and engagement of commercial advisers to identify projects.
2022-01-20 · Serbia · Ban / restriction
Government decree revoking the Jadar spatial plan (lithium-borate project)
At its session the government revoked the 2020 decree and spatial plan for the special-purpose area of the Jadar jadarite mining and processing project. The Prime Minister stated that all related administrative acts, permits and decisions concerning Rio Tinto were thereby annulled, together with the 2021 decision setting up the project working group.
2022-01-10 · France · Incentive / strategy
France 2030 call for projects 'Métaux critiques' (critical metals)
Call for projects under the France 2030 investment plan to support production, refining and recycling of critical metals such as lithium, nickel, cobalt, tantalum and copper in France, within a France 2030 envelope of EUR 1 billion for such projects. The first five winners (lithium extraction and refining, battery and e-waste recycling) received about EUR 100 million. Date is the launch of the call.
LithiumNickelCobaltTantalumCopperIn the explorer →Source: Direction générale des Entreprises (DGE), Ministère de l'Économie2021-12-18 · Thailand · Ban / restriction
Ministry of Industry notification banning exports of gold ore and coal (B.E. 2564 / 2021)
Issued under sections 5 and 104(1) of the Minerals Act 2017, the notification bans exports from Thailand or its continental shelf of domestically produced gold ore, ore containing gold, gold alloy produced by metallurgical processing, and coal. It replaced a 2017 notification. Signed 28 June 2021, published in the Royal Gazette on 19 August 2021 and in force once 120 days had passed after publication.
2021-12-02 · Greenland (Denmark) · Ban / restriction
Greenland Parliament Act No. 20 of 1 December 2021 banning uranium prospecting, exploration and exploitation
Prohibits prospecting, exploration and exploitation of uranium. Projects targeting other minerals are allowed only if the average uranium content of the whole resource is below 100 ppm by weight. The Government of Greenland may extend the ban to other radioactive elements and may restrict or revoke licences where exploitation cannot comply.
2021-07-13 · European Union · Agreement
EU–Ukraine strategic partnership on raw materials and batteries
Memorandum of understanding signed on 13 July 2021 (signature date). It covers cooperation along the whole value chain for primary and secondary raw materials and batteries.
2021-07-12 · Armenia · Export control
State duty on exports of copper concentrate, molybdenum concentrate and related products (2021-2022)
The government decided to impose a duty on exports of copper and molybdenum concentrates and some related products, saying copper and molybdenum prices had risen more than 50% above the previous year's average and the royalty system did not share the gains fairly. It expected AMD 30-35 billion of extra budget revenue in 2021 at unchanged export volumes. The duty was replaced by a profit-based royalty from 1 January 2023. Government decision of 12 July 2021.
2021-06-15 · European Union · Agreement
Canada–EU Strategic Partnership on Raw Materials
A framework for integrating Canada–EU raw-material value chains, with cooperation on science, technology and innovation and on ESG standards. It includes 2021–2022 actions such as developing at least one critical raw material project. The Commission says it was adopted after 15 June 2021; the date used here is 15 June 2021.
LithiumCobaltNickelGraphite (natural)ManganeseRare earthsIn the explorer →Source: European Commission, DG GROW2021-05-22 · Spain · Ban / restriction
Law 7/2021 on Climate Change and Energy Transition, Article 10: no new permits for radioactive minerals
From the law's entry into force, Spain no longer accepts applications for new exploration or research permits or direct mining concessions, or their extensions, for radioactive minerals extracted for their radioactive, fissile or fertile properties. Applications for new nuclear-fuel-cycle facilities to process such minerals are also no longer accepted.
2021-05-08 · Portugal · Trade measure / tariff
Decree-Law No. 30/2021 regulating mineral deposits under Law 54/2015 (new mining regime)
Regulates the award of rights to prospect for and exploit mineral deposits, which belong to the State's public domain. It allows competitive tenders for prospecting rights, strengthens public participation and environmental requirements, and shares mining royalties with municipalities. The preamble cites lithium as a key energy-transition material and provides for possibly requiring ore to be processed in Portugal. It repealed Decree-Law 88/90.
2021-04-14 · Philippines · Incentive / strategy
Executive Order No. 130 (2021) lifting the moratorium on new mineral agreements
Amends Section 4 of EO 79 (2012) to lift the moratorium on new mineral agreements, allowing the government to enter into them under the Philippine Mining Act of 1995. It directs DENR to set terms that maximise government revenue, possibly by declaring mineral reservations, and to review existing contracts.
2021-03-25 · Brazil · Incentive / strategy
Pró-Minerais Estratégicos policy (Decree 10.657/2021)
Signed 24 March 2021 and in force on publication in the official gazette (DOU) on 25 March 2021. It creates a permanent policy to prioritise environmental licensing support for strategic-mineral projects and an inter-ministerial committee (CTAPME) that qualifies projects. The policy is qualified under the Investment Partnerships Programme (PPI).
LithiumRare earthsGraphite (natural)CopperPotashPhosphate rockIn the explorer →Source: Presidência da República, Brazil (Planalto)2021-01-26 · Finland · Strategy / roadmap
National Battery Strategy 2025
Strategy prepared by a working group for the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Employment to make Finland a competitive and sustainable part of the international battery industry. Its cornerstones include availability and refining of battery raw materials, battery materials and recycling, and electrification know-how, and it proposes a national cooperation body to implement it.
LithiumNickelCobaltGraphite (natural)In the explorer →Source: Finnish Government, Ministry of Economic Affairs and Employment (valtioneuvosto.fi)2021-01-18 · ECOWAS · Strategy / roadmap
ECOWAS geo-extractive Community acts (regional mining cadastre, geo-extractive database, local content guidelines)
The ECOWAS Parliament gave a favourable opinion on Community acts covering a geo-extractive observatory and harmonised regional mining cadastre linked to national cadastres, a geo-extractive database and reporting framework, and a directive on guidelines for corporate social investment, localisation and local content in the geo-extractive sector. The date is the Parliament's opinion; the subsequent adoption date by ECOWAS Council was not verified.
2020-12-01 · China · Export control
Export Control Law of the PRC
China's first dedicated export control statute, adopted by the NPC Standing Committee, sets the legal basis for control lists, licensing, temporary controls of up to two years, end-user/end-use review and a controlled-party list. It also covers re-export, transit and transshipment and underpins later mineral-related export control announcements.
2020-06-10 · Indonesia · Export control
Law No. 3/2020 amending the Mineral and Coal Mining Law (3-year window for unrefined metal mineral exports)
Amends Law 4/2009 on mineral and coal mining. New Article 170A lets metal-mineral permit holders that refine, are building refining capacity, or partner with a refiner export limited quantities of certain unrefined metal mineral products for at most three years from entry into force, subject to export duty; after that window raw exports end.
2020-01-15 · Germany · Strategy / roadmap
Raw Materials Strategy of the Federal Government (Rohstoffstrategie der Bundesregierung, 2019/2020 update)
Update of Germany's 2010 raw materials strategy for non-energy mineral raw materials. It keeps companies primarily responsible for their own supply and sets out federal support for domestic extraction, imports, recycling and resource efficiency, sustainability and transparency, and international cooperation, noting rising demand for battery and e-mobility metals. Date is the government's transmittal of the strategy to the Bundestag.
2020-01-01 · Indonesia · Ban / restriction
Reinstated ban on exports of unprocessed (direct-shipping) nickel ore
Indonesia brought forward by two years the reinstatement of its ban on direct-shipping nickel ore exports, after relaxed enforcement since 2017 while domestic processing capacity expanded.
2019-11-05 · Democratic Republic of the Congo · Trade measure / tariff
State purchasing monopoly for artisanal strategic minerals such as cobalt (Decree No. 19/15)
The decree reserves to the state the exclusive right to buy artisanally produced strategic minerals that need processing before export, such as cobalt ores, and provides for a commercial entity set up with Gécamines to buy, process and market them. It also places artisanal strategic-mineral mining under the supervision of a new market regulator and sets traceability, labour and environmental conditions.
2019-11-05 · Democratic Republic of the Congo · Export control
Creation of ARECOMS, the strategic minerals market regulator (Decree No. 19/16)
The decree creates the Authority for Regulation and Control of Strategic Mineral Substances Markets (ARECOMS) as a public body to regulate and monitor production and trade in strategic minerals, citing risks of production and export imbalances and price disruption. ARECOMS later issued the 2025 cobalt export suspension and quotas.
2019-08-08 · Egypt · Incentive / strategy
Law No. 145 of 2019 amending the Mineral Resources Law (Law No. 198 of 2014)
Rewrites much of the 2014 Mineral Resources Law, including licensing rules (small mine licences by EMRA's board; large or precious-metal exploitation only by law) and a royalty of 5% to 20% of annual production value set per ore by regulation. It also lets EMRA invite existing licensees to renegotiate onto the new rent and royalty terms. In force from the day after publication in the Official Gazette of 7 August 2019.
2019-03-20 · Oman · Export control
Oman Mineral Resources Law (Royal Decree 19/2019)
Royal Decree 19/2019 issued a new Mineral Resources Law replacing the 2003 Mining Law, vesting mineral resources in the State and the Public Authority for Mining as regulator, and setting licensing, concession, rent and minimum 5% royalty rules. Article 12 requires written approval from the Authority for any export of ores covered by the law and allows the Authority to designate ores whose export is prohibited for a set period in the public interest.
2018-11-24 · Democratic Republic of the Congo · Trade measure / tariff
Decree No. 18/042 declaring cobalt, germanium and coltan strategic mineral substances
A Prime Ministerial decree of 24 November 2018 classified cobalt, germanium and columbo-tantalite (coltan) as strategic mineral substances. Under the revised Mining Code this brings them under special rules and the 10% royalty rate for strategic substances.
2018-07-27 · Colombia · Ban / restriction
Law 1930 of 2018 banning mining exploration and extraction in páramos
The comprehensive páramo management law prohibits mineral exploration and mining, as well as oil and gas activity, in delimited páramo ecosystems. The Ministry of Mines and Energy and the National Mining Agency must prepare a substitution programme covering closure, dismantling and restoration of mined areas and relocation or retraining of traditional small miners. Dated and published in the Diario Oficial on 27 July 2018.
2018-03-09 · Democratic Republic of the Congo · Trade measure / tariff
Revised Mining Code (Law No. 18/001 of 9 March 2018)
The revision lets the Prime Minister declare certain minerals strategic substances by decree, with their access, exploration and marketing governed by special rules. It sets a 10% mining royalty for strategic substances (3.5% for non-ferrous and base metals) and adds a special tax on excess profits. It took effect on promulgation.
2017-12-13 · Laos · Trade measure / tariff
Law on Minerals (amended version), promulgated by Presidential Decree No. 291 of 13 December 2017
Revised mining law adopted by the National Assembly on 3 November 2017 (Resolution No. 063/NA) and promulgated on 13 December 2017. It covers prospecting, exploration, mining, processing and mineral trading, ties licensing to the State's mineral strategic and development plans, and lets the State take part in mining businesses. Holders of processing-only licences may buy and import raw materials and supply semi-finished products for domestic processing or export.
2017-08-29 · Thailand · Trade measure / tariff
Minerals Act B.E. 2560 (2017)
Replaced the Minerals Act 1967. The National Mineral Management Policy Commission must prepare a mineral management master plan every five years for Cabinet approval. Mining may be licensed only in areas the plan designates as mineral deposit areas, and these may not be in national parks, wildlife areas, watershed forests or other protected zones. Section 104 lets the Minister ban or license mineral imports and exports for economic security, environmental or safety reasons. In force from 29 August 2017.
2017-07-07 · Tanzania · Ban / restriction
Mining Act amendments 2017: ban on export of raw minerals and concentrates
Amendments to the Mining Act require all minerals won to be beneficiated in Tanzania before being dealt with, and state that no licence or permit may be issued to export raw minerals or mineral concentrates. They also give the government a non-dilutable free-carried interest of at least 16% in mining companies and raise royalty rates. The Act took effect on publication.
2017-07-07 · Tanzania · Stockpile
National Gold and Gemstone Reserve (Mining Act amendments 2017)
The same 2017 amendments provide for a National Gold and Gemstone Reserve, to be set up by ministerial order, holding royalties paid in refined minerals, confiscated minerals and minerals bought by the government. One third of the royalty due is to be paid by depositing refined minerals into the reserve.
2017-07-07 · Tanzania · Trade measure / tariff
Natural Wealth and Resources (Permanent Sovereignty) Act, 2017: local beneficiation requirement
Requires every arrangement for extracting natural resources to ensure that no raw resources are exported for beneficiation abroad and to commit to building beneficiation facilities in Tanzania. It also requires earnings to be kept in local banks and bars foreign courts from hearing disputes over these resources.
2017-04-27 · Bolivia · Incentive / strategy
Law No. 928 creating the state lithium company Yacimientos de Litio Bolivianos (YLB)
Creates YLB as a national strategic public company under the energy ministry (now the Ministry of Hydrocarbons and Energy); Law 535 of 2014 had given this role to COMIBOL. YLB is responsible for the whole evaporite chain: prospecting, exploration, extraction, concentration, inorganic chemistry, industrialisation and sale. Dated 27 April 2017. In 2026 the government announced work on a new lithium law; no enacted text was found.
2016-11-08 · Senegal · Trade measure / tariff
Mining Code (Law No. 2016-32 of 8 November 2016)
Replaced the 2003 code. A mining licence gives the State a free, non-dilutable 10% stake in the operating company for the life of the mine, and the State may negotiate a further paid stake of up to 25% for itself or Senegalese investors. Royalties are 5% on gold, zircon, ilmenite and other heavy minerals, phosphates and iron-ore concentrate, and 3.5% on base-metal concentrates; lower rates apply to ore processed in Senegal (2% for iron ore used in local steelmaking, 1.5% for base metals refined locally, 3.5% for gold refined in Senegal). In 2025 the government said a new code was being drafted; no adopted text was found.
GoldPhosphate rockIron oreZirconium (zircon)Titanium (ilmenite)CopperIn the explorer →Source: République du Sénégal, vie-publique.sn2015-07-01 · Morocco · Incentive / strategy
Law No. 33-13 on mines (Dahir No. 1-15-76)
New mining law replacing the 1951 mining regulation, covering metallic substances, phosphates, radioactive substances, industrial minerals and other mining substances. It enters into force on publication of the implementing regulation for its Articles 18 and 19; the date used here is the promulgation date (published in Bulletin officiel No. 6384 of 6 August 2015).
2014-05-28 · Bolivia · Trade measure / tariff
Mining and Metallurgy Law No. 535: lithium and potassium declared strategic, salt flats reserved for the State
The 2014 mining law declares lithium and potassium strategic elements to be developed only by state mining companies and reserves Uyuni, Coipasa, Pastos Grandes and some 25 other salt flats and saline lagoons for the State. Basic evaporite chemistry (lithium chloride, sulphate, hydroxide and carbonate, and potassium salts) must be 100% state-owned; later industrial stages may use partnership contracts with private firms as long as the State keeps a majority. Only the State may mine radioactive minerals, and finds of radioactive minerals or rare earths must be reported. Royalty on lithium carbonate is 3%. Dated 28 May 2014.
LithiumPotashUraniumRare earthsIn the explorer →Source: Ministerio de Minería y Metalurgia, Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia1983-06-13 · Türkiye · Ban / restriction
Law No. 2840: exploration and operation of boron reserved to the State
Exploration and operation of boron salts, uranium and thorium deposits are reserved to the State, and earlier private licences for these minerals were cancelled (current wording from a 1994 amendment). Eti Maden, the state-owned company, carries out boron production and marketing under this law.
1962-09-15 · India · Export control
Atomic Energy Act 1962: thorium as a "prescribed substance"
Defines "prescribed substance" to include uranium, plutonium, thorium, beryllium and deuterium and their compounds or materials containing them. Anyone who discovers uranium or thorium in India must report it to the Central Government (section 4). Under section 14 the Central Government may prohibit, except under licence, the working of mines from which prescribed substances can be obtained and the acquisition, production, possession, use, disposal, export or import of prescribed substances.
Date n/a · Zambia and Democratic Republic of the Congo · Agreement
Zambia–DRC cooperation agreement on an electric battery value chain
Ministers of trade, finance and mines from both countries signed a cooperation agreement, witnessed by the two presidents in Lusaka, giving a framework for jointly developing a battery and clean-energy value chain. The two sides agreed to set up a DRC–Zambia Battery Council to oversee implementation.
Date n/a · Uganda · Trade measure / tariff
Mining and Minerals Act, 2022
Replaces the Mining Act 2003 and sets up the Uganda National Mining Company. It requires a licence to process, smelt, refine or trade minerals and a permit for every mineral export, lets the Minister designate strategic minerals by statutory instrument, and gives the state a free interest of up to 15% in large and medium-scale mining licences, with total state participation capped at 35%.
Date n/a · Botswana · Trade measure / tariff
Mines and Minerals (Amendment) Act No. 14 of 2024: beneficiation and 24% citizen equity
Amendments to the Mines and Minerals Act add local beneficiation requirements, a 24% citizen equity participation provision and preferential procurement measures, together with environmental rehabilitation guarantees and tougher penalties. The Minister of Minerals and Energy said the amendments came into effect in October, and that regulations setting minimum beneficiation requirements for all mineral groups were being drafted.
Date n/a · Germany · Strategy / roadmap
BMWK key-points paper: Pathways to a sustainable and resilient raw materials supply (Eckpunktepapier, 2023)
Economy ministry paper updating the 2020 raw materials strategy around three priorities: circular economy and recycling, diversification of supply chains, and a fair and sustainable market framework. It proposes support for company stockholding of critical raw materials and announces a public-private raw materials fund to back extraction, processing and recycling projects in Germany, the EU and abroad.
LithiumNickelCopperGalliumGermaniumRare earthsIn the explorer →Source: Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Klimaschutz (BMWK)Date n/a · Russia · Export control
Government Decree No. 1544 restricting exports of enriched uranium to the United States
Adds uranium enriched in U-235 (HS 2844 20) to the annex of Decree No. 313 of 2022 listing goods subject to export restrictions. Exports to the United States, or under contracts with persons registered in US jurisdiction, are allowed only under one-off licences from the Federal Service for Technical and Export Control.
Date n/a · Pakistan · Strategy / roadmap
National Mineral Policy 2013
Federal policy framework, issued in February 2013 by the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Resources, that replaced the 1995 policy. It sets up Mineral Investment Facilitation Authorities at federal level and in each province (chaired by the Chief Minister) to approve large projects and market mineral portfolios. Each government sets its own royalty rates and may also take negotiated equity, a participating interest or a higher royalty in projects. It remains the national policy listed by the Petroleum Division; a 2025 replacement was announced but no adopted text was found.
Date n/a · Bulgaria · Trade measure / tariff
New Council of Ministers ordinance on concession payments for extraction of underground resources (2026)
The Ministry of Energy drafted a new ordinance setting the concession payment due for mineral extraction under the Underground Resources Act, to tie payments more closely to market conditions and to cover deep geothermal resources, a new resource group. It was put to public consultation from 8 December 2025 to 7 January 2026. The Ministry's PDAC 2026 investor brochure states that the concession-payment method, unchanged since 1999, was amended in January 2026. The exact adoption date and final rates were not verified.
Date n/a · Papua New Guinea · Trade measure / tariff
Mining Act 1992 amendment adding Section 5A (live production-data access for the State)
Parliament added Section 5A to the Mining Act 1992 in June 2020, on a bill introduced by the Mining Minister. It lets the State, through the Mineral Resources Authority and other agencies, obtain live processing and production data (throughput, recovery, tailings) from mines so that declared metal output and tax can be checked independently. The MRA cited OECD findings that PNG collects about 20% less mining tax than the OECD average. A draft Mining Bill to replace the 1992 Act was released for comment in February 2025; no enacted text was found.