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Mozambique

Open in the explorerOrganisations (7)Events

Production, refining and reserves

CommodityMetricValueWorld rank · shareSource
Graphite (natural)Mine production 202560,000 t natural graphite#5 · 3%USGS MCS 2026
Graphite (natural)Reserves 202525 million t natural graphite#4 · 8%USGS MCS 2026
BauxiteMine production 20228,000 t bauxite (basis as labelled)#27 · 0%USGS Minerals Yearbook 2022 (bauxite and alumina), table 11
AluminiumRefinery production 2014560,000 t primary aluminium (smelter production)—USGS MCS 2015
Titanium (ilmenite)Mine production 20251.9 million t TiO2 content#2 · 20%USGS MCS 2026
Titanium (ilmenite)Reserves 202322 million t TiO2 content#9 · 3%USGS MCS 2024
Titanium (rutile)Mine production 202510,000 t TiO2 content#5 · 2%USGS MCS 2026
Titanium (rutile)Reserves 2025720,000 t TiO2 content#5 · 1%USGS MCS 2026
NiobiumMine production 200730 t Nb content—USGS MCS 2008
TantalumMine production 20251 t Ta content#11 · 0%USGS MCS 2026
TantalumReserves 20113,200 t Ta content#3 · 3%USGS MCS 2012
ThoriumResources 201410,000 t Th—OECD-NEA/IAEA Red Book 2014 (Uranium 2014), Table 1.17
BerylliumMine production 20253 t Be content#5 · 0.7%USGS MCS 2026
Zirconium (zircon)Mine production 2025160,000 t zircon mineral concentrates (gross weight)#3 · 13%USGS MCS 2026
Zirconium (zircon)Reserves 20251.5 million t ZrO2 content#6 · 2%USGS MCS 2026
DiatomiteMine production 202450,000 t diatomite—USGS MCS 2025

Policies and export measures

Policy tracker →

  • 2026-06-03 · trade measure

    Mining Law (Law No. 7/2026)

    Replaces the 2014 Mining Law and requires ores to be treated and processed in Mozambique on a progressive basis set by the Council of Ministers. The state holds a non-dilutable free-carried stake of at least 15% at all stages of the value chain, and strategic minerals fall under mining contracts with the Council of Ministers, with the state company ENM representing the state. The law took effect on publication.

    Source: Ministério dos Recursos Minerais e Energia (MIREME), Mozambique

Trade in critical minerals

Exports 2024$2.6 bn

  1. Aluminium$1.9 bnto Italy 20%, Singapore 18%, United Kingdom 17% · 25 more
  2. Titanium (ilmenite)*$380 mto China 39%, Saudi Arabia 13%, United States of America 11% · 22 more
  3. Zirconium (zircon)$113 mto China 66%, Italy 14%, Spain 7% · 6 more
  4. Copper$64 mto Netherlands 45%, Malaysia 12%, India 11% · 8 more
  5. Graphite (natural)$44 mto India 18%, Germany 13%, United States of America 13% · 21 more
  6. Chromium$38 mto China 75%, Taiwan 16%, Netherlands 9% · 3 more
  7. Cobalt*$28 mto Malaysia 100%
  8. Tantalum*$25 mto Thailand 57%, United States of America 35%, China 5% · 3 more

and 16 more commodities

Imports 2024$3.5 bn

  1. Chromium$3.1 bnfrom South Africa 97%, Zimbabwe 3%, Zambia 0%
  2. Alumina$188 mfrom Australia 99%, China 1%, South Africa 0% · 3 more
  3. Copper$118 mfrom South Africa 100%, Zimbabwe 0%, Netherlands 0% · 3 more
  4. Aluminium$11 mfrom India 78%, Zimbabwe 13%, China 3% · 4 more
  5. Lithium*$6 mfrom Zimbabwe 98%, India 1%, China 0% · 4 more
  6. Phosphate rock$5 mfrom South Africa 100%
  7. Vanadium$3 mfrom South Africa 100%, United States of America 0%, Portugal 0%
  8. Potash$3 mfrom Germany 53%, South Africa 13%, United States of America 11% · 7 more

and 17 more commodities

Trade values in current US dollars (ores, concentrates, intermediates, chemicals and refined metal), not prices. * Includes HS codes that also cover other products. Source: CEPII BACI (HS22), Etalab Open Licence 2.0 — details.

Fiscal regime for mining

InstrumentApplies toRateLegal basis
RoyaltyDiamond (industrial)Imposto sobre a Produção Mineira (IPM), diamonds; levied monthly8%value of the extracted mineral product after treatment: last sale price matching the international reference price (or the reference price if no sale), less transport to export or domestic sale point (Arts. 10-11)Lei n.º 28/2014, de 23 de Setembro (Regime Específico de Tributação e de Benefícios Fiscais da Actividade Mineira), as amended and republished by Lei n.º 15/2017, de 28 de Dezembro (BR I Série n.º 202, 2.º supl.) · Art. 12(a)in force 2018-01-01
RoyaltyGold, Silver, Platinum, Palladium, Platinum-group metals, Titanium (ilmenite), Titanium (rutile), Zirconium (zircon), Garnet (industrial)IPM on precious metals, precious and semi-precious stones and heavy mineral sands (areias pesadas)6%value of the extracted mineral product after treatment: last sale price matching the international reference price (or the reference price if no sale), less transport to export or domestic sale point (Arts. 10-11)Lei n.º 28/2014, de 23 de Setembro (Regime Específico de Tributação e de Benefícios Fiscais da Actividade Mineira), as amended and republished by Lei n.º 15/2017, de 28 de Dezembro (BR I Série n.º 202, 2.º supl.) · Art. 12(b)in force 2018-01-01
RoyaltyAll mineralsIPM on base metals, coal, ornamental rock and all other mineral products not listed in (a)-(b) (graphite, lithium, copper, etc.); sand and stone 1.5% (Art. 12(d)). Extending the stability period to the end of the initial concession costs +2% on the IPM rate from the 11th year of production (Art. 58(3))3%value of the extracted mineral product after treatment: last sale price matching the international reference price (or the reference price if no sale), less transport to export or domestic sale point (Arts. 10-11)Lei n.º 28/2014, de 23 de Setembro (Regime Específico de Tributação e de Benefícios Fiscais da Actividade Mineira), as amended and republished by Lei n.º 15/2017, de 28 de Dezembro (BR I Série n.º 202, 2.º supl.) · Art. 12(c)in force 2018-01-01
RoyaltyAll mineralsMining title holders pay the Imposto sobre a Produção Mineira (mineral production tax) and the Imposto sobre a Renda do Recurso Mineiro (resource rent tax) among other taxes; 10% of production-tax revenue goes to local communities. Rates are set in the separate mining tax law—Lei n.º 7/2026, de 3 de Junho - Lei de Minas (Boletim da República, I Série, n.º 104, suplemento) · Art. 33in force 2026-06-03
State free-carried interestAll mineralsState participation of not less than 15%, non-dilutable and at no cost to the State, at all stages of the value chain; mining contracts must include a >=15% free-carry clause; ENM represents the State in strategic minerals15%Lei n.º 7/2026, de 3 de Junho - Lei de Minas (Boletim da República, I Série, n.º 104, suplemento) · Art. 23(2)(a), 47in force 2026-06-03
Windfall / resource-rent taxAll mineralsImposto sobre a Renda do Recurso Mineiro (IRRM), payable by holders of a mining concession or mining certificate when accumulated net cash gains are positive20%closing balance of accumulated net cash gains of the mining concession/certificate (IRPC taxable income before losses, plus interest, financing costs and depreciation, less total capital costs); negative opening balances uplifted 18% a yearLei n.º 28/2014, de 23 de Setembro (Regime Específico de Tributação e de Benefícios Fiscais da Actividade Mineira), as amended and republished by Lei n.º 15/2017, de 28 de Dezembro (BR I Série n.º 202, 2.º supl.) · Arts. 42-47in force 2018-01-01
Local beneficiation requirementAll mineralsTreatment and processing of ores must be carried out in Mozambique progressively, as defined by the Council of Ministers; at least 20% of ore produced to be reserved for the domestic market (percentage per mineral set by the Council of Ministers)—Lei n.º 7/2026, de 3 de Junho - Lei de Minas (Boletim da República, I Série, n.º 104, suplemento) · Art. 38, 71in force 2026-06-03
Stability periodAll mineralsFiscal stability on taxable base, rates and incentives from title award until 10 years after start of commercial production, if at least USD 5 million is invested; extendable to the end of the initial concession for +2% IPM; does not cover surface tax10 yearsLei n.º 28/2014, de 23 de Setembro (Regime Específico de Tributação e de Benefícios Fiscais da Actividade Mineira), as amended and republished by Lei n.º 15/2017, de 28 de Dezembro (BR I Série n.º 202, 2.º supl.) · Art. 58in force 2018-01-01

Rates and terms as set in the cited law or regulation; agreements with individual projects can differ. Not legal or tax advice.

Deals and financing (4)

  1. 2026-03-25 · Equity investment · announced

    U.S. International Development Finance Corporation → Syrah Resources · Balama graphite mine and Vidalia anode plant

    DFC proposed converting part of its Balama loan into Syrah common equity, rolling the rest into a convertible loan note and adding new money for Balama's liquidity, with warrants for further equity.

    official release

  2. 2026-03-02 · Offtake · signed

    NextSource Materials → Syrah Resources · Balama Graphite Operation

    Syrah signed a conditional seven-year binding offtake to supply Balama natural graphite fines to NextSource for its planned anode facility in Abu Dhabi.

    official release

  3. 2024-03-01 · Offtake · signed

    POSCO Future M → Syrah Resources · Balama Graphite Operation

    Syrah signed a binding six-year offtake with anode maker POSCO Future M for natural graphite fines from Balama in Mozambique.

    official release

  4. 2023-10-05 · Government loan · signed · US$150 m

    U.S. International Development Finance Corporation → Twigg Exploration and Mining Limitada (Syrah Resources) · Balama graphite operation

    DFC committed a USD 150 million loan to Syrah's Mozambican subsidiary Twigg to support graphite mining and processing at Balama.

    official release

Mines and facilities (10)

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