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Pakistan

Open in the explorerOrganisations (4)Events

Production, refining and reserves

CommodityMetricValueWorld rank · shareSource
CopperMine production 202216,346 t Cu content#38 · 0.1%USGS Minerals Yearbook 2022 (copper), table 20
Graphite (natural)Mine production 202013,000 t natural graphite—USGS MCS 2021
AntimonyMine production 2025260 t Sb content#11 · 0.2%USGS MCS 2026
AntimonyReserves 202526,000 t Sb content#12 · 1%USGS MCS 2026
FluorsparMine production 202550,000 t fluorspar#10 · 0.5%USGS MCS 2026
BariteMine production 2025100,000 t barite#10 · 1%USGS MCS 2026
BariteReserves 202140 million t barite—USGS MCS 2022
ZincMine production 202341,000 t Zn content#24 · 0.3%USGS Minerals Yearbook 2023 (zinc, tables-only release), table 16
BauxiteMine production 202245,000 t bauxite (basis as labelled)#24 · 0%USGS Minerals Yearbook 2022 (bauxite and alumina), table 11
UraniumMine production 202350 t U content#13 · 0.1%NEA/IAEA Red Book 2024 (Uranium 2024), Table 1.18
UraniumResources 202322,500 t U content#28 · 0.3%NEA/IAEA Red Book 2024 (Uranium 2024), Table 1.2a, <USD 260/kgU
Strontium (celestite)Mine production 20111,600 t celestite (gross weight)—USGS MCS 2012
FeldsparMine production 2023400,000 t feldspar—USGS MCS 2024
Nitrogen (ammonia)Refinery production 20253.8 million t N content (ammonia)#10 · 2%USGS MCS 2026
Garnet (industrial)Mine production 20251,900 t garnet (industrial)#6 · 0.3%USGS MCS 2026
GypsumMine production 20242.1 million t gypsum—USGS MCS 2025
GypsumReserves 2024760 million t gypsum—USGS MCS 2025
Iron oxide pigmentsMine production 202580,000 t iron oxide pigments—USGS MCS 2026
Iron oxide pigmentsReserves 2021100,000 t iron oxide pigments—USGS MCS 2022
SaltMine production 20253.1 million t salt#17 · 1%USGS MCS 2026
Talc and pyrophylliteMine production 2025200,000 t talc and pyrophyllite#11 · 3%USGS MCS 2026

Policies and export measures

Policy tracker →

  • Date n/a · strategy

    National Mineral Policy 2013

    Federal policy framework, issued in February 2013 by the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Resources, that replaced the 1995 policy. It sets up Mineral Investment Facilitation Authorities at federal level and in each province (chaired by the Chief Minister) to approve large projects and market mineral portfolios. Each government sets its own royalty rates and may also take negotiated equity, a participating interest or a higher royalty in projects. It remains the national policy listed by the Petroleum Division; a 2025 replacement was announced but no adopted text was found.

    Source: Government of Pakistan, Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Resources (hosted by the Ministry of Energy, Petroleum Division)

Trade in critical minerals

Exports 2024$877 m

  1. Copper$436 mto China 95%, Japan 1%, Vietnam 1% · 27 more
  2. Chromium$134 mto China 83%, Japan 12%, Oman 2% · 13 more
  3. Zinc$126 mto China 98%, Türkiye 1%, Thailand 0% · 6 more
  4. Aluminium$69 mto China 85%, Thailand 4%, United Arab Emirates 2% · 23 more
  5. Lead$59 mto China 39%, Türkiye 29%, United Arab Emirates 9% · 11 more
  6. Fluorspar$17 mto Saudi Arabia 23%, Italy 17%, Vietnam 9% · 28 more
  7. Barite$10 mto Oman 34%, Saudi Arabia 23%, Kuwait 22% · 9 more
  8. Zirconium (zircon)$9 mto China 100%

and 20 more commodities

Imports 2024$807 m

  1. Aluminium$208 mfrom Germany 20%, Netherlands 11%, United Arab Emirates 11% · 57 more
  2. Copper$181 mfrom Zambia 23%, China 11%, Congo 10% · 46 more
  3. Phosphate rock$131 mfrom Morocco 84%, Algeria 16%, Bahrain 0%
  4. Lead$115 mfrom United Arab Emirates 41%, Saudi Arabia 23%, Oman 14% · 20 more
  5. Zinc$36 mfrom Spain 46%, South Korea 16%, Australia 9% · 11 more
  6. Manganese*$34 mfrom Zambia 54%, Vietnam 14%, Malaysia 10% · 16 more
  7. Potash$28 mfrom Jordan 27%, Germany 22%, China 18% · 11 more
  8. Antimony$18 mfrom China 58%, Thailand 31%, United Arab Emirates 9% · 2 more

and 29 more commodities

Trade values in current US dollars (ores, concentrates, intermediates, chemicals and refined metal), not prices. * Includes HS codes that also cover other products. Source: CEPII BACI (HS22), Etalab Open Licence 2.0 — details.

Fiscal regime for mining

InstrumentApplies toRateLegal basis
RoyaltyCopper, Nickel, Cobalt, Chromium, Manganese, Antimony, Tin, Tungsten, Molybdenum, Rare earths, Lead, Zinc, Iron ore, Vanadium, Tantalum, NiobiumProvince: Balochistan. Base Metals Group royalty 5% of fair market value (2% in the original 2002 Schedule). The Base Metals Group (Part I, E) covers Al, Sb, As, Be, Bi, Cd, Cs, Cr, Co, Cu, Ga, Ge, Hf, In, iron ore, Pb, Mn, Hg, Mo, Ni, Nb, Ra, rare earths and actinides, Sc, Y, Re, Rb, Se, Ta, Te, Tl, Sn, W, V, Zn, Zr. Chromite, bauxite, graphite, lithium minerals, fluorite and phosphate are in the Construction and Industrial Minerals group and pay per-tonne rates (Part III)5%fair market value: arm's length sale price at first disposal, without deductions (Rule 102(2)-(4))Balochistan Mineral Rules, 2002, Third Schedule Part II, as revised by Notification No. SOT(MMD).../2017 of 6 Sep 2017 (number partly illegible in the scan) (Mines & Minerals Development Department, Government of Balochistan) · Rules 101-102; Third Schedule Part IIin force 2017-09-06
RoyaltyGold, Silver, Platinum-group metalsProvince: Balochistan. Precious Metals Group (gold, silver, platinum, palladium, osmium, rhodium, iridium, ruthenium) royalty 5% of fair market value (2% in the original 2002 Schedule); precious and semi-precious stones also 5%; other minerals not specified 1%5%fair market value: arm's length sale price at first disposal, without deductions (Rule 102(2)-(4))Balochistan Mineral Rules, 2002, Third Schedule Part II, as revised by Notification No. SOT(MMD).../2017 of 6 Sep 2017 (number partly illegible in the scan) (Mines & Minerals Development Department, Government of Balochistan) · Rules 101-102; Third Schedule Part IIin force 2017-09-06
RoyaltyBariteProvince: Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Construction and Industrial Mineral Group, Barite (S. No. 2): PKR 500 per ton500 PKR/tquantity of mineral produced/despatched (specific rate)Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Mines and Minerals Act, 2017 (KP Act No. XXXVI of 2017), Schedule IV-A, as amended by the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Mines and Minerals (Second Amendment) Act, 2024 (KP Act No. III of 2024) · Schedule IV-A (Construction and Industrial Mineral Group)in force 2024-07-01
RoyaltyBauxiteProvince: Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Construction and Industrial Mineral Group, Bauxite (S. No. 4); laterite for cement PKR 200, other laterite PKR 150: PKR 300 per ton300 PKR/tquantity of mineral produced/despatched (specific rate)Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Mines and Minerals Act, 2017 (KP Act No. XXXVI of 2017), Schedule IV-A, as amended by the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Mines and Minerals (Second Amendment) Act, 2024 (KP Act No. III of 2024) · Schedule IV-A (Construction and Industrial Mineral Group)in force 2024-07-01
RoyaltyBerylliumProvince: Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Construction and Industrial Mineral Group, Beryl (industrial) (S. No. 6): PKR 150 per kg150 PKR/kgquantity of mineral produced/despatched (specific rate)Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Mines and Minerals Act, 2017 (KP Act No. XXXVI of 2017), Schedule IV-A, as amended by the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Mines and Minerals (Second Amendment) Act, 2024 (KP Act No. III of 2024) · Schedule IV-A (Construction and Industrial Mineral Group)in force 2024-07-01
RoyaltyFluorsparProvince: Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Construction and Industrial Mineral Group, Fluorite (industrial) (S. No. 15): PKR 800 per ton800 PKR/tquantity of mineral produced/despatched (specific rate)Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Mines and Minerals Act, 2017 (KP Act No. XXXVI of 2017), Schedule IV-A, as amended by the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Mines and Minerals (Second Amendment) Act, 2024 (KP Act No. III of 2024) · Schedule IV-A (Construction and Industrial Mineral Group)in force 2024-07-01
RoyaltyGraphite (natural)Province: Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Construction and Industrial Mineral Group, Graphite (S. No. 21): PKR 350 per ton350 PKR/tquantity of mineral produced/despatched (specific rate)Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Mines and Minerals Act, 2017 (KP Act No. XXXVI of 2017), Schedule IV-A, as amended by the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Mines and Minerals (Second Amendment) Act, 2024 (KP Act No. III of 2024) · Schedule IV-A (Construction and Industrial Mineral Group)in force 2024-07-01
RoyaltyMagnesiteProvince: Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Construction and Industrial Mineral Group, Magnesite (S. No. 32): PKR 200 per ton200 PKR/tquantity of mineral produced/despatched (specific rate)Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Mines and Minerals Act, 2017 (KP Act No. XXXVI of 2017), Schedule IV-A, as amended by the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Mines and Minerals (Second Amendment) Act, 2024 (KP Act No. III of 2024) · Schedule IV-A (Construction and Industrial Mineral Group)in force 2024-07-01
RoyaltyMica (scrap and flake)Province: Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Construction and Industrial Mineral Group, Mica/Muscovite (S. No. 31): PKR 650 per ton650 PKR/tquantity of mineral produced/despatched (specific rate)Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Mines and Minerals Act, 2017 (KP Act No. XXXVI of 2017), Schedule IV-A, as amended by the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Mines and Minerals (Second Amendment) Act, 2024 (KP Act No. III of 2024) · Schedule IV-A (Construction and Industrial Mineral Group)in force 2024-07-01
RoyaltyPhosphate rockProvince: Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Construction and Industrial Mineral Group, Phosphate (S. No. 36): PKR 250 per ton250 PKR/tquantity of mineral produced/despatched (specific rate)Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Mines and Minerals Act, 2017 (KP Act No. XXXVI of 2017), Schedule IV-A, as amended by the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Mines and Minerals (Second Amendment) Act, 2024 (KP Act No. III of 2024) · Schedule IV-A (Construction and Industrial Mineral Group)in force 2024-07-01
RoyaltyStrontium (celestite)Province: Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Construction and Industrial Mineral Group, Celestite (S. No. 10): PKR 200 per ton200 PKR/tquantity of mineral produced/despatched (specific rate)Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Mines and Minerals Act, 2017 (KP Act No. XXXVI of 2017), Schedule IV-A, as amended by the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Mines and Minerals (Second Amendment) Act, 2024 (KP Act No. III of 2024) · Schedule IV-A (Construction and Industrial Mineral Group)in force 2024-07-01
RoyaltyGarnet (industrial)Province: Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Construction and Industrial Mineral Group, Garnet (industrial) (S. No. 22); garnet schist PKR 500: PKR 500 per ton500 PKR/tquantity of mineral produced/despatched (specific rate)Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Mines and Minerals Act, 2017 (KP Act No. XXXVI of 2017), Schedule IV-A, as amended by the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Mines and Minerals (Second Amendment) Act, 2024 (KP Act No. III of 2024) · Schedule IV-A (Construction and Industrial Mineral Group)in force 2024-07-01
RoyaltyFeldsparProvince: Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Construction and Industrial Mineral Group, Feldspar (S. No. 12): PKR 100 per ton100 PKR/tquantity of mineral produced/despatched (specific rate)Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Mines and Minerals Act, 2017 (KP Act No. XXXVI of 2017), Schedule IV-A, as amended by the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Mines and Minerals (Second Amendment) Act, 2024 (KP Act No. III of 2024) · Schedule IV-A (Construction and Industrial Mineral Group)in force 2024-07-01
RoyaltySulfurProvince: Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Construction and Industrial Mineral Group, Sulphur ore (S. No. 52): PKR 30 per ton30 PKR/tquantity of mineral produced/despatched (specific rate)Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Mines and Minerals Act, 2017 (KP Act No. XXXVI of 2017), Schedule IV-A, as amended by the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Mines and Minerals (Second Amendment) Act, 2024 (KP Act No. III of 2024) · Schedule IV-A (Construction and Industrial Mineral Group)in force 2024-07-01
Corporate income tax (mining)All mineralsFederal rate for 'any other company' 29%; small companies 20%; banking companies 44%/43%/42% for tax years 2025/2026/2027 onwards. No mining-specific rate. A super tax on high-earning persons (s. 4C) is levied in addition (not read)29%taxable income of a companyIncome Tax Ordinance, 2001, First Schedule Part I Division II (table substituted by the Income Tax (Amendment) Act, 2025, Act No. XIII of 2025) · First Schedule, Part I, Division IIin force 2018-07-01

Rates and terms as set in the cited law or regulation; agreements with individual projects can differ. Not legal or tax advice.

Deals and financing (1)

  1. 2025-02-28 · Joint venture · signed

    International Resources Holding (IRH) → Mari Energies Limited; Balochistan Mineral Resources Limited; Government of Balochistan · Exploration licences EL302 and EL303, Chagai (Balochistan)

    IRH signed a joint venture agreement with Mari Energies, Balochistan Mineral Resources and the Government of Balochistan giving it 50% plus one share of two mineral exploration licences in Chagai, Balochistan.

    official release

Mines and facilities (5)

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