Production, refining and reserves
| Commodity | Metric | Value | World rank · share | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tin | Mine production 2025 | 4,600 t Sn content | #11 · 2% | USGS MCS 2026 |
| Tungsten | Mine production 2025 | 1,300 t W content | #7 · 2% | USGS MCS 2026 |
| Niobium | Mine production 2025 | 200 t Nb content | #5 · 0.2% | USGS MCS 2026 |
| Tantalum | Mine production 2025 | 400 t Ta content | #2 · 16% | USGS MCS 2026 |
| Beryllium | Mine production 2025 | 1 t Be content | #7 · 0.2% | USGS MCS 2026 |
Policies and export measures
Policy tracker →2025-12-04 · agreement
US–Rwanda Framework for Shared Economic Prosperity
Bilateral framework signed in Washington on the day of the Washington Accords. The State Department's 2026 investment climate statement for Rwanda describes it as identifying cooperation areas including critical minerals, energy and regulatory harmonisation.
Source: US Department of State, Office of the Spokesperson2024-02-19 · agreement
EU–Rwanda memorandum of understanding on sustainable raw materials value chains
Signed on 19 February 2024 (signature date). It covers five areas: value-chain integration, due diligence and traceability (including action against illegal trafficking), infrastructure funding, research and innovation, and capacity building.
Source: European Commission
Trade in critical minerals
Exports 2024$247 m
- Tantalum*$118 mto China 91%, Malaysia 8%, Japan 0% · 2 more
- Tin$104 mto Thailand 49%, Malaysia 17%, China 10% · 14 more
- Tungsten$18 mto China 95%, Malaysia 3%, South Korea 2% · 1 more
- Aluminium$3 mto Uganda 60%, India 34%, Kenya 5% · 1 more
- Lithium*$3 mto China 100%, South Africa 0%, Ireland 0%
- Copper$645 kto Kenya 68%, China 32%
- Platinum$622 kto India 100%
- Manganese$1 kto Tanzania 100%
and 2 more commodities
Imports 2024$3 m
- Potash$1 mfrom Kenya 97%, Germany 2%, Uganda 1%
- Manganese$598 kfrom Zambia 100%
- Lead$422 kfrom Kenya 100%
- Tin$376 kfrom Tanzania 100%, Kenya 0%
- Aluminium$92 kfrom Tanzania 73%, Türkiye 27%
- Boron$70 kfrom Kenya 72%, India 28%
- Rare earths$42 kfrom Kenya 54%, China 28%, United Kingdom 8% · 7 more
- Zinc$19 kfrom Uganda 100%
and 8 more commodities
Trade values in current US dollars (ores, concentrates, intermediates, chemicals and refined metal), not prices. * Includes HS codes that also cover other products. Source: CEPII BACI (HS22), Etalab Open Licence 2.0 — details.
Fiscal regime for mining
| Instrument | Applies to | Rate | Legal basis |
|---|---|---|---|
| Royalty | Copper, Lead, Zinc, Nickel, Tin, Tungsten, Tantalum, Niobium, Molybdenum, Cobalt, Manganese, Chromium, Vanadium, Germanium, Gallium, Hafnium, Indium, Bismuth, Iron oreMining royalty tax, withheld by the local processing facility or exporter and remitted within 15 days after the month of withholding. Base metals category (incl. tin, tungsten, tantalum, niobium, copper, cobalt, manganese) | 3%norm value of the mineral (gemstones: gross value) | Law n° 056/2024 of 26/06/2024 establishing tax on mineralsin force 2024-07-05 |
| Royalty | Lithium, Graphite (natural)Mining royalty tax, withheld by the local processing facility or exporter and remitted within 15 days after the month of withholding. Energy minerals category (lithium, cobalt, manganese and graphite) | 3%norm value of the mineral (gemstones: gross value) | Law n° 056/2024 of 26/06/2024 establishing tax on mineralsin force 2024-07-05 |
| Royalty | Rare earths, Zirconium (zircon), Uranium, ThoriumMining royalty tax, withheld by the local processing facility or exporter and remitted within 15 days after the month of withholding. Rare earth elements category (incl. zirconium, uranium, thorium and monazite) | 2%norm value of the mineral (gemstones: gross value) | Law n° 056/2024 of 26/06/2024 establishing tax on mineralsin force 2024-07-05 |
| Royalty | Platinum-group metalsMining royalty tax, withheld by the local processing facility or exporter and remitted within 15 days after the month of withholding. Platinum group metals category; gemstones 2% of gross value | 2%norm value of the mineral (gemstones: gross value) | Law n° 056/2024 of 26/06/2024 establishing tax on mineralsin force 2024-07-05 |
| Royalty | GoldMining royalty tax, withheld by the local processing facility or exporter and remitted within 15 days after the month of withholding. Gold category | 0.5%norm value of the mineral (gemstones: gross value) | Law n° 056/2024 of 26/06/2024 establishing tax on mineralsin force 2024-07-05 |
| Export duty | Copper, Lead, Zinc, Nickel, Tin, Tungsten, Tantalum, Niobium, Molybdenum, Cobalt, Manganese, Chromium, Vanadium, Germanium, Gallium, Hafnium, Indium, Bismuth, Iron ore, Lithium, Graphite (natural), Platinum-group metalsExport tax on minerals exported in raw form, due at export (or purchase by a local processing facility); processed minerals and re-exports (except gold) are exempt. Base metals, energy minerals and platinum group metals 2%; gemstones 3% of gross value | 2%norm value of minerals exported in raw form | Law n° 056/2024 of 26/06/2024 establishing tax on mineralsin force 2024-07-05 |
| Export duty | Rare earths, Zirconium (zircon), Uranium, ThoriumExport tax on minerals exported in raw form, due at export (or purchase by a local processing facility); processed minerals and re-exports (except gold) are exempt. Rare earth elements category | 1%norm value of minerals exported in raw form | Law n° 056/2024 of 26/06/2024 establishing tax on mineralsin force 2024-07-05 |
| Export duty | GoldExport tax on minerals exported in raw form, due at export (or purchase by a local processing facility); processed minerals and re-exports (except gold) are exempt. Gold category | 0.5%norm value of minerals exported in raw form | Law n° 056/2024 of 26/06/2024 establishing tax on mineralsin force 2024-07-05 |
| Corporate income tax (mining) | All mineralsCorporate income tax 28%; newly listed companies 20% or 25% for five years depending on the share of capital sold to the public. No mining-specific rate | 28%taxable business profit | Law determining taxes on income (as summarised by the Rwanda Revenue Authority) |
Rates and terms as set in the cited law or regulation; agreements with individual projects can differ. Not legal or tax advice.
Mines and facilities (3)
Latest news
All news →No news items for Rwanda yet.