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Open in the explorerOrganisations (7)Events

Production, refining and reserves

CommodityMetricValueWorld rank · shareSource
CopperMine production 2022127,157 t Cu content#20 · 0.6%USGS Minerals Yearbook 2022 (copper), table 20
NickelMine production 20097,800 t Ni content—USGS MCS 2010
NickelReserves 200957,000 t Ni content#16 · 0.1%USGS MCS 2010
FluorsparMine production 2025140,000 t fluorspar#6 · 1%USGS MCS 2026
FluorsparReserves 202515 million t fluorspar#6 · 5%USGS MCS 2026
MagnesiteMine production 2025640,000 t gross weight magnesite#6 · 3%USGS MCS 2026
MagnesiteReserves 202535 million t gross weight magnesite#11 · 0.4%USGS MCS 2026
TinMine production 2023501 t Sn content#16 · 0.2%USGS Minerals Yearbook 2023 (tin, tables-only release), table 9
TungstenMine production 2025800 t W content#10 · 0.9%USGS MCS 2026
TungstenReserves 202566,000 t W content#5 · 1%USGS MCS 2026
ZincMine production 202383,000 t Zn content#18 · 0.7%USGS Minerals Yearbook 2023 (zinc, tables-only release), table 16
AluminaRefinery production 2025810,000 t alumina (calcined equivalent weight)#15 · 0.5%USGS MCS 2026
SiliconRefinery production 202540,000 t Si content (ferrosilicon)#10 · 0.8%USGS MCS 2026
UraniumResources 202328,500 t U content#25 · 0.4%NEA/IAEA Red Book 2024 (Uranium 2024), Table 1.2a, <USD 260/kgU
Strontium (celestite)Mine production 2025100,000 t celestite (gross weight)#2 · 22%USGS MCS 2026
Strontium (celestite)Reserves 20181 t celestite (gross weight)#2 · 0%USGS MCS 2019
MercuryMine production 2005150 t Hg content—USGS MCS 2006
MercuryReserves 200576,000 t Hg content#1 · 63%USGS MCS 2006
PotashMine production 2025450,000 t K2O equivalent#11 · 0.9%USGS MCS 2026
PotashReserves 2025100 million t K2O equivalent#9 · 2%USGS MCS 2026
SulfurRefinery production 2014270,000 t S content—USGS MCS 2015
LimeRefinery production 20251.7 million t lime#14 · 0.4%USGS MCS 2026
FeldsparMine production 2025620,000 t feldspar#12 · 2%USGS MCS 2026
BromineMine production 2012100 t Br content—USGS MCS 2013
BromineReserves 20121.4 million t Br content—USGS MCS 2013
BentoniteMine production 2025120,000 t bentonite#8 · 0.6%USGS MCS 2026
Fuller's earthMine production 2025690,000 t fuller's earth#3 · 16%USGS MCS 2026
KaolinMine production 2025400,000 t kaolin#9 · 0.8%USGS MCS 2026
DiatomiteMine production 202550,000 t diatomite#11 · 2%USGS MCS 2026
DiatomiteReserves 202557 million t diatomite—USGS MCS 2026
GypsumMine production 202511 million t gypsum#5 · 7%USGS MCS 2026
Iron oxide pigmentsMine production 202519,000 t iron oxide pigments—USGS MCS 2026
Mica (scrap and flake)Mine production 20258,000 t scrap and flake mica#10 · 2%USGS MCS 2026
Pumice and pumiciteMine production 2025300,000 t pumice and pumicite#14 · 2%USGS MCS 2026
SaltMine production 20254 million t salt#16 · 1%USGS MCS 2026
Sand and gravel (industrial)Mine production 20256.3 million t industrial sand and gravel#11 · 1%USGS MCS 2026

Policies and export measures

Policy tracker →

  • 2026-03-10 · incentive

    First Action Plan for the sustainable management of mineral raw materials 2026–2030 (PAMPM), incl. National Mining Exploration Programme

    Approved by the Council of Ministers with EUR 414 million in linked public investment and 34 interdepartmental regulatory, sectoral, cross-cutting and R&D measures. Its four axes are autonomy, industry promotion, circularity and sustainable management. It includes Spain's first National Mining Exploration Programme in 50 years (EUR 182 million), with a line for recovering materials from tailings and mine-waste deposits.

    Source: Ministerio para la Transición Ecológica y el Reto Demográfico (MITECO)

  • 2022-08-30 · strategy

    Roadmap for the sustainable management of mineral raw materials (Hoja de Ruta)

    Approved by the Council of Ministers at the ecological transition ministry's request to strengthen strategic autonomy and security of supply for raw materials needed in the energy and digital transitions. It prioritises efficiency and the circular economy and contains 46 regulatory, sectoral, R&D and cross-cutting measures, aligned with REPowerEU and the National Security Strategy.

    Source: Ministerio para la Transición Ecológica y el Reto Demográfico (MITECO)

  • 2021-05-22 · ban

    Law 7/2021 on Climate Change and Energy Transition, Article 10: no new permits for radioactive minerals

    From the law's entry into force, Spain no longer accepts applications for new exploration or research permits or direct mining concessions, or their extensions, for radioactive minerals extracted for their radioactive, fissile or fertile properties. Applications for new nuclear-fuel-cycle facilities to process such minerals are also no longer accepted.

    Source: Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado

Trade in critical minerals

Exports 2024$7.7 bn

  1. Copper$3.4 bnto China 43%, Italy 25%, Belgium 8% · 66 more
  2. Zinc$1.5 bnto Türkiye 18%, Singapore 16%, Germany 10% · 61 more
  3. Aluminium$1.3 bnto Portugal 27%, France 12%, Italy 7% · 75 more
  4. Alumina$296 mto Norway 57%, Netherlands 15%, France 8% · 69 more
  5. Potash$224 mto United Kingdom 25%, Brazil 13%, Netherlands 11% · 72 more
  6. Lead$197 mto Germany 47%, China 19%, Belgium 16% · 22 more
  7. Silicon$119 mto China 33%, United Kingdom 21%, Netherlands 18% · 43 more
  8. Manganese*$95 mto Germany 26%, Italy 9%, Poland 9% · 39 more

and 36 more commodities

Imports 2024$11 bn

  1. Copper$4.8 bnfrom Chile 22%, Dem. Rep. Congo 14%, Peru 14% · 77 more
  2. Aluminium$2.7 bnfrom Netherlands 20%, France 9%, Bahrain 8% · 89 more
  3. Zinc$1.1 bnfrom Peru 22%, Mexico 20%, United States of America 17% · 40 more
  4. Nickel$310 mfrom Netherlands 30%, Norway 11%, Brazil 8% · 45 more
  5. Lead$213 mfrom France 27%, Portugal 20%, Lebanon 18% · 46 more
  6. Tin$181 mfrom Peru 29%, Brazil 29%, China 7% · 26 more
  7. Zirconium (zircon)$160 mfrom Australia 41%, South Africa 20%, Senegal 12% · 19 more
  8. Chromium$154 mfrom South Africa 41%, Kazakhstan 17%, Finland 8% · 26 more

and 39 more commodities

Trade values in current US dollars (ores, concentrates, intermediates, chemicals and refined metal), not prices. * Includes HS codes that also cover other products. Source: CEPII BACI (HS22), Etalab Open Licence 2.0 — details.

Fiscal regime for mining

InstrumentApplies toRateLegal basis
Corporate income tax (mining)All mineralsGeneral corporate tax rate 25% (entities with net turnover below EUR 1 million: 17% on the first EUR 50,000 and 20% above; new entities 15% for two years). No mining-specific rate, but miners operating under the Ley de Minas (Sections C and D resources) may reduce the tax base by a depletion factor (factor de agotamiento) of up to 30% of the mining tax base, or, for minerals declared priority under RD 647/2002, up to 15% of the value of minerals sold, amounts to be reinvested in listed mining activities (Arts. 91-95)25%base imponible (taxable income)Ley 27/2014, de 27 de noviembre, del Impuesto sobre Sociedades · Art. 29.1; Arts. 91-95in force 2025-01-01

Rates and terms as set in the cited law or regulation; agreements with individual projects can differ. Not legal or tax advice.

Deals and financing (4)

  1. 2026-07-21 · Acquisition · completed

    Energy Transition Minerals → Penouta mine (insolvency process) · Penouta tin-tantalum-niobium mine

    Energy Transition Minerals completed its acquisition of the Penouta tin-tantalum-niobium mine in north-west Spain after winning the court-supervised sale process in 2025.

    official release

  2. 2025-12-09 · Prepayment · signed · EUR 15

    Traxys → EQ Resources · EQR tungsten operations (Mt Carbine / Barruecopardo)

    EQR signed a binding term sheet with Traxys for a three-year EUR 15 million prepayment repaid through tungsten concentrate deliveries, alongside a five-year index-priced offtake for 3,500 tonnes of contained WO3.

    official release

  3. 2025-07-29 · Royalty · signed · US$7.5 m

    Oaktree Capital Management (funds) → Saloro S.L.U. (EQ Resources) · Barruecopardo tungsten mine

    Oaktree funds agreed to pay USD 7.5 million to EQR's Spanish subsidiary Saloro for a 2.5% royalty on its tungsten production.

    official release

  4. 2023-08-10 · Acquisition · completed · AUD 25

    EQ Resources → Oaktree Capital Management (Saloro S.L.U.) · Barruecopardo tungsten mine (Saloro)

    EQ Resources agreed to acquire Spanish tungsten producer Saloro from Oaktree, with Oaktree investing AUD 25 million in new EQR shares as part of the deal; completion was announced in January 2024.

    official release

Mines and facilities (15)

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