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Thailand

Open in the explorerOrganisations (4)Events

Production, refining and reserves

CommodityMetricValueWorld rank · shareSource
Rare earthsMine production 20254,800 t REO#5 · 1%USGS MCS 2026
Rare earthsReserves 20244,500 t REO#12 · 0%USGS MCS 2025
AntimonyMine production 20071,500 t Sb content—USGS MCS 2008
AntimonyReserves 2009420,000 t Sb content#2 · 20%USGS MCS 2010
FluorsparMine production 202555,000 t fluorspar#9 · 0.5%USGS MCS 2026
FluorsparReserves 20253.6 million t fluorspar#8 · 1%USGS MCS 2026
BariteMine production 2018150,000 t barite—USGS MCS 2019
BariteReserves 201818 million t barite#7 · 6%USGS MCS 2019
ManganeseMine production 20233,000 t manganese ore (gross weight)#28 · 0%USGS Minerals Yearbook 2023 (manganese), table 6
TinMine production 2023132 t Sn content#18 · 0%USGS Minerals Yearbook 2023 (tin, tables-only release), table 9
TinReserves 2018170,000 t Sn content#8 · 4%USGS MCS 2019
TungstenMine production 202170 t W content#14 · 0.1%USGS Minerals Yearbook 2021 (tungsten), table 15
ThoriumResources 201410,000 t Th—OECD-NEA/IAEA Red Book 2014 (Uranium 2014), Table 1.17
FeldsparMine production 20251.9 million t feldspar#6 · 6%USGS MCS 2026
FeldsparReserves 202545 million t feldspar—USGS MCS 2026
GypsumMine production 20258.7 million t gypsum#7 · 5%USGS MCS 2026
GypsumReserves 2025910 million t gypsum—USGS MCS 2026
Sand and gravel (industrial)Mine production 20051.3 million t industrial sand and gravel—USGS MCS 2006

Policies and export measures

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  • 2021-12-18 · ban

    Ministry of Industry notification banning exports of gold ore and coal (B.E. 2564 / 2021)

    Issued under sections 5 and 104(1) of the Minerals Act 2017, the notification bans exports from Thailand or its continental shelf of domestically produced gold ore, ore containing gold, gold alloy produced by metallurgical processing, and coal. It replaced a 2017 notification. Signed 28 June 2021, published in the Royal Gazette on 19 August 2021 and in force once 120 days had passed after publication.

    Source: Ministry of Industry, Thailand (posted by the Department of Primary Industries and Mines)

  • 2017-08-29 · trade measure

    Minerals Act B.E. 2560 (2017)

    Replaced the Minerals Act 1967. The National Mineral Management Policy Commission must prepare a mineral management master plan every five years for Cabinet approval. Mining may be licensed only in areas the plan designates as mineral deposit areas, and these may not be in national parks, wildlife areas, watershed forests or other protected zones. Section 104 lets the Minister ban or license mineral imports and exports for economic security, environmental or safety reasons. In force from 29 August 2017.

    Source: Department of Primary Industries and Mines (DPIM), Ministry of Industry, Thailand

Trade in critical minerals

Exports 2024$4.7 bn

  1. Copper$1.7 bnto China 70%, Japan 17%, Vietnam 4% · 24 more
  2. Aluminium$1.3 bnto China 69%, South Korea 16%, Vietnam 4% · 36 more
  3. Platinum$440 mto India 100%, Japan 0%, Germany 0% · 5 more
  4. Molybdenum$366 mto China 38%, India 32%, Indonesia 27% · 8 more
  5. Antimony$268 mto China 41%, United States of America 16%, Myanmar 9% · 31 more
  6. Tin$253 mto China 19%, Netherlands 15%, South Korea 15% · 29 more
  7. Rare earths$97 mto Japan 48%, China 18%, Vietnam 15% · 64 more
  8. Silicon$54 mto United States of America 45%, Japan 28%, Spain 6% · 27 more

and 33 more commodities

Imports 2024$9.4 bn

  1. Copper$3.6 bnfrom Japan 19%, China 13%, Philippines 11% · 75 more
  2. Aluminium$3.0 bnfrom United States of America 17%, Australia 12%, United Arab Emirates 10% · 119 more
  3. Silicon$441 mfrom China 87%, Laos 11%, Malaysia 1% · 24 more
  4. Zinc$403 mfrom India 23%, Japan 19%, Australia 11% · 44 more
  5. Tin$321 mfrom Congo 27%, Malaysia 25%, Rwanda 16% · 22 more
  6. Potash$314 mfrom Laos 33%, Canada 21%, Belarus 17% · 20 more
  7. Rare earths$250 mfrom China 36%, Japan 28%, Malaysia 25% · 45 more
  8. Antimony$217 mfrom Myanmar 70%, Vietnam 20%, China 9% · 6 more

and 37 more commodities

Trade values in current US dollars (ores, concentrates, intermediates, chemicals and refined metal), not prices. * Includes HS codes that also cover other products. Source: CEPII BACI (HS22), Etalab Open Licence 2.0 — details.

Fiscal regime for mining

InstrumentApplies toRateLegal basis
RoyaltyAll mineralsRoyalty (ค่าภาคหลวงแร่) payable by holders of mining concessions, small-scale and panning licences, dressing, metallurgy and possession licences. Ceiling: not more than 30% of the market price (s. 132); the actual rate schedule (พิกัดอัตรา) is set by Ministerial Regulation, which was not found in an official text, so rate is blank—market price of the mineral (ราคาตลาดแร่) as set by the Director-Generalพระราชบัญญัติแร่ พ.ศ. 2560 (Minerals Act B.E. 2560), Royal Gazette vol. 134 part 26 Kor, 2 Mar 2017 · s. 131-132in force 2017-08-29
Corporate income tax (mining)All mineralsCorporate income tax 20% of net profit; small companies (paid-up capital below THB 5 million): 15% on net profit from THB 300,000 to 3 million and 20% above. No mining-specific rate. Mineral royalties under the Minerals Act B.E. 2560 are separate (not read)20%net profitRevenue Code (as summarised by the Revenue Department)
OtherAll mineralsSpecial contribution (เงินบำรุงพิเศษ) payable by concession holders at a rate not exceeding 10% of the royalty, for local development, mineral research and related purposes; rate and allocation set by Ministerial Regulation (not read)—royalty payable (special contribution is a percentage of royalty)พระราชบัญญัติแร่ พ.ศ. 2560 (Minerals Act B.E. 2560), Royal Gazette vol. 134 part 26 Kor, 2 Mar 2017 · s. 136in force 2017-08-29

Rates and terms as set in the cited law or regulation; agreements with individual projects can differ. Not legal or tax advice.

Mines and facilities (3)

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