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Peru

Open in the explorerOrganisations (15)Events

Production, refining and reserves

CommodityMetricValueWorld rank · shareSource
CopperMine production 20252.7 million t Cu content#3 · 12%USGS MCS 2026
CopperRefinery production 2025340,000 t Cu content#15 · 1%USGS MCS 2026
CopperReserves 202585 million t Cu content#3 · 9%USGS MCS 2026
BoronMine production 2025220,000 t crude borates—USGS MCS 2026
BoronReserves 20254 million t (basis not stated)—USGS MCS 2026
BariteMine production 2015100,000 t barite—USGS MCS 2016
TinMine production 202533,000 t Sn content#3 · 11%USGS MCS 2026
TinReserves 2025150,000 t Sn content#8 · 3%USGS MCS 2026
ZincMine production 20251.5 million t Zn content#2 · 12%USGS MCS 2026
ZincReserves 202518 million t Zn content#4 · 8%USGS MCS 2026
Phosphate rockMine production 20254.8 million t marketable phosphate rock (gross weight)#9 · 2%USGS MCS 2026
Phosphate rockReserves 2025210 million t marketable phosphate rock (gross weight)#16 · 0.3%USGS MCS 2026
MolybdenumMine production 202539,000 t Mo content#4 · 15%USGS MCS 2026
MolybdenumReserves 20251 million t Mo content#5 · 6%USGS MCS 2026
LeadMine production 2025290,000 t Pb content#3 · 6%USGS MCS 2026
LeadReserves 20255 million t Pb content#5 · 5%USGS MCS 2026
ThoriumResources 201420,000 t Th—OECD-NEA/IAEA Red Book 2014 (Uranium 2014), Table 1.17
UraniumResources 202333,400 t U content#23 · 0.4%NEA/IAEA Red Book 2024 (Uranium 2024), Table 1.2a, <USD 260/kgU
BismuthRefinery production 20111,100 t Bi (refined metal)—USGS MCS 2012
BismuthReserves 201111,000 t Bi content#2 · 3%USGS MCS 2012
IndiumRefinery production 202112 t In (refined)#7 · 1%USGS MCS 2023
IndiumReserves 2007360 t In content#2 · 3%USGS MCS 2008
TelluriumRefinery production 201130 t Te content (refined)—USGS MCS 2012
TelluriumReserves 20173,600 t Te content#2 · 12%USGS MCS 2018
RheniumMine production 20115,000 kg Re content—USGS MCS 2012
RheniumReserves 202045,000 kg Re content#6 · 2%USGS MCS 2021
SeleniumRefinery production 202548 t Se content (refined)#11 · 1%USGS MCS 2026
SeleniumReserves 202416,000 t Se content#2 · 17%USGS MCS 2025
Iron oreMine production 202521 million t usable iron ore#13 · 0.8%USGS MCS 2026
Iron oreReserves 20251,800 million t crude ore#13 · 0.9%USGS MCS 2026
ArsenicRefinery production 202530,000 t arsenic trioxide (gross weight)#1 · 49%USGS MCS 2026
CadmiumRefinery production 2025600 t Cd metal#10 · 3%USGS MCS 2026
CadmiumReserves 201355,000 t Cd content#2 · 11%USGS MCS 2014
MercuryMine production 202430 t Hg content—USGS MCS 2025
SilverMine production 20253,600 t Ag content#2 · 14%USGS MCS 2026
SilverReserves 2025110,000 t Ag content#1 · 18%USGS MCS 2026
GoldMine production 2025110 t Au content#10 · 3%USGS MCS 2026
GoldReserves 20252,200 t Au content#10 · 3%USGS MCS 2026
DiatomiteMine production 202599,000 t diatomite#9 · 4%USGS MCS 2026
DiatomiteReserves 20092 million t diatomite—USGS MCS 2010
Kyanite and related mineralsMine production 202540,000 t kyanite and related minerals—USGS MCS 2026

Policies and export measures

Policy tracker →

  • 2025-12-27 · trade measure

    Law No. 32537 extending the comprehensive mining formalisation process (REINFO) to 31 December 2026

    Amends Article 6 of Legislative Decree 1293 so that the formalisation process for small-scale and artisanal miners registered in REINFO runs until 31 December 2026, or until a new small-scale and artisanal mining (MAPE) law and its regulation take effect if that is earlier. Registered miners must declare the real location of their workings through the Ministry of Energy and Mines (MINEM) single window within 120 days, INEI must run a national small-scale mining census, and buyers of mineral products must check the seller's concession and REINFO status. Published in El Peruano on 26 December 2025.

    Source: Diario Oficial El Peruano (Congreso de la República / Presidencia de la República del Perú)

  • 2025-06-30 · trade measure

    Supreme Decree 012-2025-EM setting the close of the comprehensive mining formalisation process

    Using the one-off six-month extension allowed by Law 32213, the decree extended the formalisation process to 31 December 2025 only for miners with an active REINFO registration, or one suspended for no more than a year, as of 30 June 2025. For every other registrant the process ended for good on 30 June 2025. It also told MINEM to audit what miners had declared in REINFO and to remove those who break the rules. Signed 28 June and published 29 June 2025; the deadline was later moved again by Law 32537.

    Source: Diario Oficial El Peruano (Ministerio de Energía y Minas)

  • 2024-12-28 · trade measure

    Law No. 32213 making MINEM the lead authority for small-scale and artisanal mining and extending formalisation

    Makes the Ministry of Energy and Mines the governing authority for small-scale and artisanal mining and creates an interoperable information system (SIPMMA) to trace minerals, explosives and controlled chemicals, to be set up within six months. It moved the end of the formalisation process for REINFO registrants to 30 June 2025, extendable once by up to six months by supreme decree, as a stopgap until a dedicated small-scale mining law is passed. Published 27 December 2024 and in force from the following day.

    Source: Diario Oficial El Peruano (Congreso de la República / Presidencia de la República del Perú)

Trade in critical minerals

Exports 2024$30 bn

  1. Copper$23 bnto China 71%, Japan 8%, South Korea 3% · 34 more
  2. Zinc$2.7 bnto China 31%, Spain 9%, United States of America 8% · 60 more
  3. Molybdenum$1.6 bnto Chile 41%, United States of America 26%, China 23% · 9 more
  4. Tin$967 mto United States of America 39%, Japan 12%, China 11% · 34 more
  5. Phosphate rock$523 mto United States of America 62%, Brazil 24%, Argentina 6% · 14 more
  6. Lead$440 mto South Korea 53%, China 36%, Japan 5% · 18 more
  7. Aluminium$56 mto South Korea 24%, India 14%, Hong Kong 10% · 23 more
  8. Boron*$32 mto China 18%, Brazil 8%, United States of America 8% · 52 more

and 24 more commodities

Imports 2024$285 m

  1. Copper$103 mfrom Ecuador 50%, Mexico 21%, Saudi Arabia 13% · 17 more
  2. Phosphate rock$40 mfrom Morocco 100%, Spain 0%, United States of America 0% · 3 more
  3. Potash$38 mfrom Russia 42%, Canada 33%, Chile 12% · 13 more
  4. Manganese*$26 mfrom India 76%, China 9%, Ukraine 6% · 14 more
  5. Zinc$16 mfrom Türkiye 57%, Bolivia 36%, Ecuador 3% · 10 more
  6. Boron*$16 mfrom Bolivia 97%, Argentina 2%, United States of America 1% · 8 more
  7. Chromium$10 mfrom India 45%, South Africa 23%, China 7% · 16 more
  8. Lead$7 mfrom Bolivia 67%, Ecuador 16%, South Korea 6% · 5 more

and 31 more commodities

Trade values in current US dollars (ores, concentrates, intermediates, chemicals and refined metal), not prices. * Includes HS codes that also cover other products. Source: CEPII BACI (HS22), Etalab Open Licence 2.0 — details.

Fiscal regime for mining

InstrumentApplies toRateLegal basis
RoyaltyCopper, Gold, Silver, Zinc, Lead, Molybdenum, Iron ore, Tin, TungstenMarginal rates by operating margin: 1% for margin up to 10%, rising by 0.75 pp per 5-pp margin band (1.75%, 2.5%, 3.25%, 4%... 11.5%) to 12% for margin above 80%; payment is the higher of this amount and 1% of quarterly sales; 0% for small producers and artisanal miners1-12 sliding scalequarterly operating profit (utilidad operativa) from sales of metallic and non-metallic mineral resourcesLey N° 29788, que modifica la Ley N° 28258 - Ley de Regalía Minera · Art. 4.1-4.4 (Anexo)in force 2011-10-01
Corporate income tax (mining)All mineralsGeneral rate for third-category income from 2017; no mining-specific rate. Mining royalty and special mining tax are separate (regimes.csv); stability agreements may lock earlier rates29.5%renta neta de tercera categoría (net business income)Texto Único Ordenado de la Ley del Impuesto a la Renta (D.S. 179-2004-EF), as amended · Art. 55in force 2017-01-01
Windfall / resource-rent taxCopper, Gold, Silver, Zinc, Lead, Molybdenum, Iron ore, Tin, TungstenImpuesto Especial a la Minería (IEM): marginal rates 2% for operating margin up to 10%, rising by 0.4 pp per 5-pp band to 8.4% above 85%2-8.4 sliding scalequarterly operating profit from sales of metallic mineral resourcesLey N° 29789 - Ley que crea el Impuesto Especial a la Minería · Art. 1, 4 (Anexo)in force 2011-10-01

Rates and terms as set in the cited law or regulation; agreements with individual projects can differ. Not legal or tax advice.

Deals and financing (7)

  1. 2026-09-07 · Project finance · signed · US$350 m

    ICBC (Asia); Bank of Communications (offshore banking unit) → Minera Las Bambas S.A. (MMG Limited) · Las Bambas copper mine

    ICBC (Asia) and Bank of Communications granted Minera Las Bambas a three-year USD 350 million revolving credit facility.

    official release

  2. 2026-06-11 · Project finance · signed · US$125 m

    China Construction Bank (Asia) → Minera Las Bambas S.A. (MMG Limited) · Las Bambas copper mine

    China Construction Bank (Asia) granted Minera Las Bambas a three-year USD 125 million revolving credit facility.

    official release

  3. 2026-04-27 · Project finance · signed · US$500 m

    Bank of China (Sydney branch) → Minera Las Bambas S.A. (MMG Limited) · Las Bambas copper mine

    Bank of China granted Minera Las Bambas a revolving credit facility of USD 500 million with a term of up to three years for general funding requirements.

    official release

  4. 2024-09-06 · Project finance · signed · US$1,000 m

    Bank of China (Sydney); ICBC (Asia); China Construction Bank (Asia and Chile); Bank of Communications → Minera Las Bambas S.A. (MMG Limited) · Las Bambas copper mine

    Five Chinese state-owned bank units agreed a five-year USD 1 billion revolving credit facility for MMG's Las Bambas copper mine for general corporate purposes.

    official release

  5. 2024-03-22 · Government loan · signed · US$700 m

    China Development Bank; Export-Import Bank of China; China Construction Bank (Asia); Bank of Communications → Minera Las Bambas S.A. (MMG Limited) · Las Bambas copper mine

    A syndicate of China Development Bank, China Exim, CCB (Asia) and Bank of Communications agreed a three-year USD 700 million revolving credit facility for MMG's Las Bambas copper mine in Peru.

    official release

  6. 2024-02-20 · Project finance · signed · US$100 m

    China Construction Bank (Asia) → Minera Las Bambas S.A. (MMG Limited) · Las Bambas copper mine

    China Construction Bank (Asia) granted MMG's Minera Las Bambas a three-year USD 100 million revolving credit facility for general corporate purposes.

    official release

  7. 2023-06-18 · Project finance · signed · US$150 m

    Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (Panama branch) → Minera Las Bambas S.A. (MMG Limited) · Las Bambas copper mine

    ICBC granted MMG's Minera Las Bambas a three-year USD 150 million revolving credit facility for general corporate purposes, replacing an earlier USD 175 million working capital line.

    official release

Mines and facilities (38)

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