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Open in the explorerOrganisations (10)Events

Production, refining and reserves

CommodityMetricValueWorld rank · shareSource
CopperMine production 2025410,000 t Cu content#13 · 2%USGS MCS 2026
CopperRefinery production 2025560,000 t Cu content#10 · 2%USGS MCS 2026
CopperReserves 202533 million t Cu content#9 · 3%USGS MCS 2026
ZincMine production 202043,000 t Zn content#25 · 0.4%USGS Minerals Yearbook 2023 (zinc, tables-only release), table 16
SiliconRefinery production 202430,000 t Si content (ferrosilicon)—USGS MCS 2025
LeadMine production 201640,000 t Pb content—USGS MCS 2017
LeadReserves 20161.6 million t Pb content#10 · 2%USGS MCS 2017
RheniumMine production 202510,000 kg Re content#3 · 12%USGS MCS 2026
SeleniumRefinery production 202567 t Se content (refined)#9 · 2%USGS MCS 2026
SeleniumReserves 20243,000 t Se content#6 · 3%USGS MCS 2025
HeliumMine production 20253 million m3 helium#7 · 2%USGS MCS 2026
HeliumReserves 202524 million m3 helium—USGS MCS 2026
CadmiumRefinery production 2025400 t Cd metal#12 · 2%USGS MCS 2026
CadmiumReserves 201316,000 t Cd content#9 · 3%USGS MCS 2014
SilverMine production 20251,300 t Ag content#6 · 5%USGS MCS 2026
SilverReserves 202559,000 t Ag content#5 · 10%USGS MCS 2026
SulfurRefinery production 20251.1 million t S content#15 · 1%USGS MCS 2026
LimeRefinery production 20251.3 million t lime#18 · 0.3%USGS MCS 2026
FeldsparMine production 2021350,000 t feldspar—USGS MCS 2022
FeldsparReserves 201816 million t feldspar—USGS MCS 2019
Nitrogen (ammonia)Refinery production 20251.7 million t N content (ammonia)#18 · 1%USGS MCS 2026
GypsumMine production 20141.3 million t gypsum—USGS MCS 2015
GypsumReserves 201455 million t gypsum—USGS MCS 2015
PeatMine production 2025890,000 t peat#8 · 5%USGS MCS 2026
SaltMine production 20254.1 million t salt#15 · 2%USGS MCS 2026
Sand and gravel (industrial)Mine production 20255.9 million t industrial sand and gravel#13 · 1%USGS MCS 2026

Policies and export measures

Policy tracker →

  • 2026-09-02 · incentive

    National Critical Raw Materials Exploration Programme 2026–2033 (Krajowy program poszukiwań surowców krytycznych)

    Multi-year government programme of exploration for critical raw materials for 2026–2033, carried out by the Polish Geological Institute under supervision of the environment minister and Chief National Geologist. It is funded by the National Fund for Environmental Protection and Water Management, with a total spending cap of PLN 185.698 million. Date is the resolution's adoption; it takes effect 14 days after its publication on 10 September 2026.

    Source: Monitor Polski (Rządowe Centrum Legislacji)

  • 2022-03-30 · strategy

    State Raw Materials Policy (Polityka Surowcowa Państwa), Council of Ministers Resolution No. 39 of 1 March 2022

    Long-term policy to 2050 to secure the Polish economy's access to the mineral raw materials it needs, both domestic and imported. Its annexes include a list of raw materials considered strategic and critical for the Polish and EU economies. The resolution took effect the day after its publication in Monitor Polski on 29 March 2022.

    Source: Monitor Polski (Rządowe Centrum Legislacji)

Trade in critical minerals

Exports 2024$5.3 bn

  1. Copper$3.2 bnto Germany 29%, China 20%, Italy 18% · 44 more
  2. Aluminium$1.1 bnto Germany 40%, Czechia 13%, Italy 7% · 50 more
  3. Zinc$306 mto Germany 23%, Slovakia 19%, Italy 17% · 39 more
  4. Manganese*$162 mto Ukraine 38%, Germany 16%, Netherlands 10% · 33 more
  5. Tin$161 mto Germany 27%, United States of America 25%, Hungary 14% · 38 more
  6. Silicon$133 mto Germany 22%, Italy 20%, Austria 14% · 28 more
  7. Lead$85 mto Czechia 39%, Austria 18%, Germany 15% · 23 more
  8. Nickel$39 mto United States of America 25%, Belgium 19%, France 14% · 33 more

and 38 more commodities

Imports 2024$6.4 bn

  1. Aluminium$2.5 bnfrom Norway 18%, Germany 14%, Iceland 9% · 62 more
  2. Copper$1.6 bnfrom Brazil 32%, Germany 26%, France 6% · 45 more
  3. Potash$350 mfrom Germany 37%, Russia 25%, China 11% · 20 more
  4. Zinc$250 mfrom Germany 23%, Finland 14%, Sweden 7% · 34 more
  5. Graphite (synthetic)$202 mfrom China 73%, South Korea 10%, Germany 6% · 25 more
  6. Palladium$201 mfrom Italy 64%, United Kingdom 35%, Ireland 1% · 5 more
  7. Manganese*$167 mfrom Norway 51%, Ukraine 10%, India 7% · 33 more
  8. Platinum$153 mfrom United Kingdom 56%, Italy 41%, Netherlands 2% · 4 more

and 38 more commodities

Trade values in current US dollars (ores, concentrates, intermediates, chemicals and refined metal), not prices. * Includes HS codes that also cover other products. Source: CEPII BACI (HS22), Etalab Open Licence 2.0 — details.

Fiscal regime for mining

InstrumentApplies toRateLegal basis
RoyaltyCopperTax on extraction of certain minerals (podatek od wydobycia niektórych kopalin), monthly. If the average copper price exceeds PLN 15,000/t: rate per tonne = [0.033 x P + (0.001 x P)^2.5] x 0.85, capped at PLN 16,000/t; at or below PLN 15,000/t: (P - 12,000) x 0.374, minimum 0.5% of P (P = average copper price in PLN/t; thresholds CPI-indexed yearly, Art. 9). Multiplier reduced to 0.74 for 2026 and 0.68 for 2027-2028 (Art. 22b). From 2026 copper/silver miners may deduct 40% of qualifying investment outlays, limited to 30% of the monthly tax, carry-forward up to 15 years (Art. 10b). Concentrate produced from ore extracted outside Poland is not taxed—tonnes of copper contained in the concentrate produced (or in the ore mined if no concentrate is produced) (Art. 6)Ustawa z dnia 2 marca 2012 r. o podatku od wydobycia niektórych kopalin (consolidated text Dz. U. 2026 poz. 454) · Art. 6-7, 9, 10b, 22bin force 2026-01-01
RoyaltySilverTax on extraction of certain minerals, silver: if the average silver price exceeds PLN 1,200/kg, rate per kg = [0.125 x P + (0.001 x P)^4] x 0.85, capped at PLN 2,100/kg; at or below PLN 1,200/kg: (P - 1,000) x 0.638, minimum 0.5% of P. Multiplier 0.74 for 2026 and 0.68 for 2027-2028 (Art. 22b). Same 40% investment deduction as copper (Art. 10b)—kilograms of silver contained in the concentrate produced (or in the ore mined) (Art. 6)Ustawa z dnia 2 marca 2012 r. o podatku od wydobycia niektórych kopalin (consolidated text Dz. U. 2026 poz. 454) · Art. 6-7, 9, 10b, 22bin force 2026-01-01
RoyaltyCopperExploitation fee (opłata eksploatacyjna) on copper ore for 2026: PLN 5.17 per tonne of ore. Payable in addition to the extraction tax. Zinc-lead ore PLN 1.94/t (item 37); barite PLN 8.81/t; magnesite PLN 7.83/t5.17 PLN/ttonnes of copper ore extractedUstawa z dnia 9 czerwca 2011 r. - Prawo geologiczne i górnicze; Obwieszczenie Ministra Klimatu i Środowiska z dnia 28 października 2025 r. w sprawie stawek opłat na rok 2026 (M.P. 2025 poz. 1157) · Annex, item 38in force 2026-01-01
RoyaltyGoldExploitation fee on gold ore for 2026: PLN 0.76 per gram of gold in ore. Uranium ore PLN 13.73 per kg U in ore (item 40)0.76 PLN/ggrams of gold contained in the oreUstawa z dnia 9 czerwca 2011 r. - Prawo geologiczne i górnicze; Obwieszczenie Ministra Klimatu i Środowiska z dnia 28 października 2025 r. w sprawie stawek opłat na rok 2026 (M.P. 2025 poz. 1157) · Annex, item 39in force 2026-01-01
Corporate income tax (mining)All mineralsGeneral CIT rate 19%; 9% for small taxpayers (revenue up to EUR 2 million) on non-capital income; higher rate for banks (pkt 3). No mining-specific rate. Separately, the extraction-tax act lets copper/silver miners deduct 19% of an accumulated tax loss from the extraction tax (Art. 10a)19%podstawa opodatkowania (taxable income)Ustawa z dnia 15 lutego 1992 r. o podatku dochodowym od osób prawnych (consolidated text Dz. U. 2026 poz. 554) · Art. 19(1)(1)

Rates and terms as set in the cited law or regulation; agreements with individual projects can differ. Not legal or tax advice.

Mines and facilities (7)

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